c语言完成，直接写代码，不用解释：编写程序完成BMP图像(真彩色、256色)反色处理等功能。

### 回答1： BMP图像的真彩色反色处理的代码如下： ``` #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #pragma pack(1) typedef struct { unsigned short bfType; unsigned int bfSize; unsigned short bfReserved1; unsigned short bfReserved2; unsigned int bfOffBits; } BmpFileHeader; typedef struct { unsigned int biSize; int biWidth; int biHeight; unsigned short biPlanes; unsigned short biBitCount; unsigned int biCompression; unsigned int biSizeImage; int biXPelsPerMeter; int biYPelsPerMeter; unsigned int biClrUsed; unsigned int biClrImportant; } BmpInfoHeader; typedef struct { unsigned char blue; unsigned char green; unsigned char red; } RgbTriple; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if (argc != 3) { printf("Usage: %s <input file> <output file>\n", argv[0]); return 1; } FILE *fin = fopen(argv[1], "rb"); if (fin == NULL) { printf("Error: failed to open input file.\n"); return 1; } BmpFileHeader fileHeader; BmpInfoHeader infoHeader; fread(&fileHeader, sizeof(BmpFileHeader), 1, fin); fread(&infoHeader, sizeof(BmpInfoHeader), 1, fin); if (fileHeader.bfType != 0x4d42) { printf("Error: input file is not a BMP file.\n"); fclose(fin); return 1; } if (infoHeader.biBitCount != 24) { printf("Error: input file is not a true color BMP file.\n"); fclose(fin); return 1; } int rowSize = (infoHeader.biWidth * infoHeader.biBitCount + 31) / 32 * 4; int padding = rowSize - infoHeader.biWidth * infoHeader.biBitCount / 8; int imageSize = rowSize * abs(infoHeader.biHeight); RgbTriple *imageData = (RgbTriple *)malloc(imageSize); if (imageData == NULL) { printf("Error: failed to allocate memory.\n"); fclose(fin); return 1; } fseek(fin, fileHeader.bfOffBits, SEEK_SET); fread(imageData, imageSize, 1, fin); fclose(fin); for (int i = 0; i < imageSize; i += 3) { imageData[i / 3].blue = 255 - imageData[i / 3].blue; imageData[i / 3].green = 255 - imageData[i / 3].green; ### 回答2： #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> typedef struct { unsigned char blue; unsigned char green; unsigned char red; } Pixel; typedef struct { int width; int height; Pixel **pixels; } BMPImage; BMPImage* readBMPImage(char* filename) { FILE* file = fopen(filename, "rb"); if (file == NULL) { printf("Failed to open the file.\n"); return NULL; } unsigned char header[54]; fread(header, sizeof(unsigned char), 54, file); int width = *(int*)&header[18]; int height = *(int*)&header[22]; int numPixels = width * height; int dataSize = numPixels * 3; unsigned char* data = (unsigned char*)malloc(dataSize * sizeof(unsigned char)); fread(data, sizeof(unsigned char), dataSize, file); fclose(file); BMPImage* image = (BMPImage*)malloc(sizeof(BMPImage)); image->width = width; image->height = height; image->pixels = (Pixel**)malloc(height * sizeof(Pixel*)); for (int i = 0; i < height; i++) { image->pixels[i] = (Pixel*)malloc(width * sizeof(Pixel)); for (int j = 0; j < width; j++) { int index = i * width + j; image->pixels[i][j].blue = data[index * 3]; image->pixels[i][j].green = data[index * 3 + 1]; image->pixels[i][j].red = data[index * 3 + 2]; } } free(data); return image; } void invertBMPImage(BMPImage* image) { for (int i = 0; i < image->height; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < image->width; j++) { image->pixels[i][j].blue = 255 - image->pixels[i][j].blue; image->pixels[i][j].green = 255 - image->pixels[i][j].green; image->pixels[i][j].red = 255 - image->pixels[i][j].red; } } } void saveBMPImage(BMPImage* image, char* filename) { FILE* file = fopen(filename, "wb"); if (file == NULL) { printf("Failed to create the file.\n"); return; } unsigned char header[54] = { 0x42, 0x4D, 0x38, 0x6C, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x58, 0xFB, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6C, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; *(int*)&header[2] = 54 + image->width * image->height * 3; *(int*)&header[18] = image->width; *(int*)&header[22] = image->height; fwrite(header, sizeof(unsigned char), 54, file); for (int i = 0; i < image->height; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < image->width; j++) { fwrite(&image->pixels[i][j].blue, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, file); fwrite(&image->pixels[i][j].green, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, file); fwrite(&image->pixels[i][j].red, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, file); } } fclose(file); } int main() { BMPImage* image = readBMPImage("input.bmp"); invertBMPImage(image); saveBMPImage(image, "output.bmp"); for (int i = 0; i < image->height; i++) { free(image->pixels[i]); } free(image->pixels); free(image); return 0; } ### 回答3： #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #pragma pack(push) // 保存对齐状态 #pragma pack(2) // 设定对齐字节为2 // BMP文件头 typedef struct { unsigned short bfType; // 文件类型，必须为BM unsigned int bfSize; // 文件大小，单位为字节 unsigned short bfReserved1; // 保留字段，必须为0 unsigned short bfReserved2; // 保留字段，必须为0 unsigned int bfOffBits; // 从文件头到像素数据的偏移量 } BMPFileHeader; // BMP信息头 typedef struct { unsigned int biSize; // 信息头大小，必须为40 unsigned int biWidth; // 图像宽度，单位为像素 unsigned int biHeight; // 图像高度，单位为像素 unsigned short biPlanes; // 目标设备的平面数，必须为1 unsigned short biBitCount; // 每个像素的位数，支持24位和8位 unsigned int biCompression; // 压缩类型，必须为0 unsigned int biSizeImage; // 图像大小，单位为字节 unsigned int biXPelsPerMeter; // 水平分辨率，单位为像素每米 unsigned int biYPelsPerMeter; // 垂直分辨率，单位为像素每米 unsigned int biClrUsed; // 实际使用的颜色表中的颜色数 unsigned int biClrImportant; // 对图像显示有重要影响的索引数 } BMPInfoHeader; #pragma pack(pop) // 恢复对齐状态 // 反色处理 void invertColors(unsigned char* imageData, unsigned int imageSize) { for (unsigned int i = 0; i < imageSize; i++) { imageData[i] = ~imageData[i]; } } int main() { FILE* file = fopen("input.bmp", "rb"); // 打开BMP文件 if (file == NULL) { printf("文件打开失败。\n"); return 0; } BMPFileHeader fileHeader; BMPInfoHeader infoHeader; fread(&fileHeader, sizeof(BMPFileHeader), 1, file); // 读取文件头 fread(&infoHeader, sizeof(BMPInfoHeader), 1, file); // 读取信息头 unsigned int imageSize = infoHeader.biSizeImage; unsigned char* imageData = (unsigned char*)malloc(imageSize); // 分配内存 fread(imageData, sizeof(unsigned char), imageSize, file); // 读取图像数据 fclose(file); // 关闭文件 invertColors(imageData, imageSize); // 反色处理 file = fopen("output.bmp", "wb"); // 创建输出BMP文件 if (file == NULL) { printf("文件创建失败。\n"); free(imageData); return 0; } fwrite(&fileHeader, sizeof(BMPFileHeader), 1, file); // 写入文件头 fwrite(&infoHeader, sizeof(BMPInfoHeader), 1, file); // 写入信息头 fwrite(imageData, sizeof(unsigned char), imageSize, file); // 写入图像数据 fclose(file); // 关闭文件 free(imageData); // 释放内存 printf("图像处理完成。\n"); return 0; }