pygame生成随机迷宫

### 使用 Pygame 实现随机迷宫生成 为了创建一个基于 Pygame 的随机迷宫生成器，可以采用多种算法来构建迷宫结构。常见的有深度优先搜索 (DFS)，Prim's 算法以及 Kruskal’s 算法等。这里介绍一种简单的 DFS 迷宫生成方法。 #### 安装依赖库 首先确保安装了必要的 Python 库： ```bash pip install pygame ``` #### 初始化 Pygame 和设置参数 定义一些基本常量和初始化 Pygame 模块: ```python import random import pygame from collections import deque # 颜色定义 WHITE = (255, 255, 255) BLACK = (0, 0, 0) # 屏幕大小设定 SCREEN_WIDTH = 800 SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600 CELL_SIZE = 40 # 创建屏幕对象 screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)) pygame.init() clock = pygame.time.Clock() class Cell: def __init__(self, row, col): self.row = row self.col = col self.walls = {'top': True, 'right': True, 'bottom': True, 'left': True} self.visited = False def draw(self): x, y = col * CELL_SIZE, row * CELL_SIZE if not self.walls['top']: pygame.draw.line(screen, WHITE, (x, y), (x + CELL_SIZE, y)) if not self.walls['right']: pygame.draw.line(screen, WHITE, (x + CELL_SIZE, y),(x + CELL_SIZE, y + CELL_SIZE)) if not self.walls['bottom']: pygame.draw.line(screen, WHITE, (x, y + CELL_SIZE),(x + CELL_SIZE, y + CELL_SIZE)) if not self.walls['left']: pygame.draw.line(screen, WHITE, (x, y), (x, y + CELL_SIZE)) def remove_walls(current_cell, next_cell): dx = current_cell.col - next_cell.col dy = current_cell.row - next_cell.row if dx == 1: current_cell.walls['left'] = False next_cell.walls['right'] = False elif dx == -1: current_cell.walls['right'] = False next_cell.walls['left'] = False if dy == 1: current_cell.walls['top'] = False next_cell.walls['bottom'] = False elif dy == -1: current_cell.walls['bottom'] = False next_cell.walls['top'] = False ``` #### 构建迷宫网格与执行深度优先遍历 接下来编写函数 `generate_maze` 来建立迷宫矩阵，并调用递归版本的深度优先搜索完成迷宫雕刻工作。 ```python def generate_maze(rows=15, cols=20): grid = [[Cell(row, col) for col in range(cols)] for row in range(rows)] stack = deque() start_cell = grid[0][0] def dfs(cell=start_cell): cell.visited = True neighbors = [] # 获取未访问过的邻居节点列表 if cell.row > 0 and not grid[cell.row-1][cell.col].visited: neighbors.append(grid[cell.row-1][cell.col]) if cell.row < rows-1 and not grid[cell.row+1][cell.col].visited: neighbors.append(grid[cell.row+1][cell.col]) if cell.col > 0 and not grid[cell.row][cell.col-1].visited: neighbors.append(grid[cell.row][cell.col-1]) if cell.col < cols-1 and not grid[cell.row][cell.col+1].visited: neighbors.append(grid[cell.row][cell.col+1]) if len(neighbors)>0: neighbor = random.choice(neighbors) remove_walls(cell, neighbor) stack.append(cell) dfs(neighbor) elif len(stack)!=0: backtrack_to = stack.pop() dfs(backtrack_to) dfs(start_cell) return grid ``` #### 主程序逻辑 最后，在主循环里更新画面帧率并渲染迷宫图像至窗口内展示给用户查看。 ```python if __name__ == '__main__': running = True maze_grid = generate_maze(int(SCREEN_HEIGHT/CELL_SIZE)-1,int(SCREEN_WIDTH/CELL_SIZE)-1) while running: screen.fill(BLACK) for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: running = False for row in maze_grid: for cell in row: cell.draw() clock.tick(30) pygame.display.flip() pygame.quit() ``` 上述代码实现了使用 Pygame 绘制动态变化中的迷宫构造过程[^1]。此示例仅展示了基础功能，实际项目可能还需要加入更多特性比如起点终点标记、障碍物配置等功能模块。