import csv from datetime import date import os import random import configparser import requests from lxml import etree from fake_useragent import UserAgent def configInfo(): '''Reads the configuration file "config.ini" to get the file path of the csv file that stores the vocabulary and the number of appearances of a word presented. Return in a tuple with these two values''' config = configparser.ConfigParser() config.read(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'config.ini')) #reads the configuration file return (config.get('FILES', 'the_file'),int(config.get('APPEARANCES', 'appearances'))) #return the two vales def theDate(datePrompt, sep = " "): '''Used for acquiring a date from the user. Different prompt could be presented by modifying the argument "datePrompt", which must be a string. If there is no input, return the date of today. The default input format is "yyyy mm dd". Different separator may be specified by the argument sep.''' try: #return a date object if the input format is correct return (lambda x: date(*map(int, x.split(sep))) if x != "" else date.today())(input(datePrompt)) except (TypeError, ValueError): #if format not correct, the user will be asked again print("The date format is not correct!\n") return theDate(datePrompt, sep) def inputWords(inputWordsPrompt, sep = ","): '''Used to acquire the words that the user wants to store, and return a list with the words. The prompt and the separator can be modified.''' return [word.strip() for word in input(inputWordsPrompt).lower().split(sep)] def inputDateAndWords(inputDate, inputWordList): '''Return the full list of a date and the words.''' return [inputDate] + inputWordList def writeWords(dateWordsList, filePath): '''Writes the list with date and words to the csv file.''' with open(filePath, 'a', newline = '') as file: csv.writer(file).writerow(dateWordsList) def file2Dict(filePath): '''Re
时间: 2025-03-08 22:05:46 浏览: 59
### Python 代码片段解释与改进建议
#### 处理CSV文件
对于处理CSV文件的操作,通常会使用`csv`模块来读取和写入数据。下面是一个简单的例子用于展示如何打开并解析一个CSV文件:
```python
import csv
with open('example.csv', newline='') as csvfile:
reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile)
for row in reader:
print(row['column_name']) # 假设CSV中有名为'column_name'的一列[^1]
```
这段代码展示了基本的CSV读取方法,但是可以考虑加入错误处理机制以应对可能发生的异常情况,比如文件不存在或者格式不正确等问题。
#### 配置文件读取
配置文件可以通过多种方式加载到程序中,在Python中最常用的是通过内置库`configparser`来进行操作。这里给出一段基础的例子说明怎样从`.ini`类型的配置文件里提取设置项:
```python
from configparser import ConfigParser
config = ConfigParser()
config.read('settings.ini')
value = config.get('section', 'key') # 获取指定节下的键对应的值[^2]
```
为了提高灵活性,可以在初始化ConfigParser对象时传递默认参数字典给它,这样即使某些选项未定义也能返回合理的缺省值。
#### 输入日期
当涉及到用户输入日期的时候,应该利用像`datetime.strptime()`这样的函数去验证以及转换字符串形式的时间戳成标准的数据结构。如下所示是一段示范性的代码片断:
```python
from datetime import datetime
date_string = input("Enter a date (YYYY-MM-DD): ")
try:
parsed_date = datetime.strptime(date_string, "%Y-%m-%d")
except ValueError:
print("Invalid date format.")
else:
print(f"Parsed Date: {parsed_date}")
```
此部分还可以进一步增强鲁棒性,例如支持更多种不同的时间表达格式或是允许更宽松的语法糖衣包裹着严格模式。
#### 设置网络爬虫
构建Web Scraper的基础框架往往依赖于第三方库如BeautifulSoup或Scrapy等工具包的帮助。以下提供了一个简易版基于requests和bs4库抓取网页内容的小样例:
```python
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
response = requests.get('http://example.com/')
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
for link in soup.find_all('a'):
href = link.get('href')
text = link.string
print(f"{text}: {href}") # 输出链接文字及其URL地址[^3]
```
考虑到实际应用中的复杂性和效率考量,建议采用异步请求代替同步版本,并且注意遵循目标网站的服务条款,合理控制访问频率以免造成不必要的负担。
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