/* * 项目名称:STM32 OLED显示系统(含字模与IIC测试) * 功能描述: * 1. 在128×64 OLED屏上显示学号、日期及汉字信息 * 2. 通过IIC总线驱动OLED和AT24C02 * 3. LED周期性闪烁指示系统运行状态 * 4. 支持BMP字模数据解析与显示 * * 硬件依赖: * - STM32F103系列MCU * - 128×64 OLED显示屏(4线IIC接口) * - AT24C02 EEPROM(IIC接口) * - LED指示灯(推挽输出模式) * * 核心知识点: * 1. OLED显示原理:点阵字模数据存储与扫描显示 * 2. IIC总线协议:时序控制与多设备共用总线 * 3. 字模生成:BMP图片转C语言数组的方法 * 4. 系统初始化:外设时钟配置与接口初始化 * 5. 状态指示:LED闪烁的软件定时器实现 * * 字模数据说明: * - picture_tab数组存储128×64像素的BMP字模 * - 每个字节对应8个像素(高位→左像素,低位→右像素) * - 0xFF表示像素全亮,0x00表示全灭,按行存储 */ #include "led.h" #include "delay.h" #include "key.h" #include "sys.h" #include "24cxx.h" #include "OLED4PINiic.h" /* ------------------- BMP字模数据区 ------------------- */ /* * 字模生成信息: * - 源文件路径:C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\桌面\新建文件夹 (2)\logo.bmp字模 * - 分辨率:128×64像素(宽×高) * - 存储格式:按行扫描,每行16字节(128像素/8=16字节) * - 显示方向:从左到右,从上到下 */ const unsigned char picture_tab[] = { // 顶部边框像素数据(全亮边框) 0xFF,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01, 0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01, 0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01, 0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01, 0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01, 0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01, 0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01, 0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0xFF, 0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x44,0x08,0x00,0x18,0x48,0x28,0xC8,0x08,0x28,0x48,0x18,0x00, 0x40,0x40,0xFC,0x40,0x40,0xFC,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0xFC,0x00,0x40,0x40,0xA0, 0x90,0x88,0x84,0x88,0x90,0x20,0x40,0x40,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x44,0xD8,0x20,0xF0,0xAC, 0xA8,0xE8,0xB8,0xA8,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x7C,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x54, 0x7C,0x40,0x40,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0x90,0x90,0x90,0xFC,0x90,0x90,0x90,0xF0,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x80,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0xE8,0xA8,0x98,0x8C,0x88,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF, 0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x04,0x3E,0x01,0x10,0x11,0x09,0x05,0x3F,0x05,0x09,0x11,0x11,0x00, 0x08,0x18,0x0F,0x24,0x14,0x0F,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x00,0x20,0x22,0x2A, 0x32,0x22,0x3F,0x22,0x32,0x2A,0x22,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x10,0x28,0x24, 0x23,0x20,0x2F,0x28,0x2A,0x2C,0x00,0x30,0x0F,0x04,0x3D,0x25,0x15,0x15,0x0D,0x15, 0x2D,0x24,0x24,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x1F,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x27,0x20,0x38, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF, 0xFF,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80, 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80, 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80, 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80, 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80, 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80, 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80, 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0xFF, 0xFF,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01, 0x01,0x01,0x01,0x81,0x41,0x21,0x21,0x61,0x01,0x01,0x21,0xE1,0xE1,0x01,0xE1,0xE1, 0x21,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x21,0xE1,0x21,0x21,0x21,0x61,0x01,0x01, 0x21,0x21,0xE1,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01, 0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0xC1,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01, 0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01, 0x01,0x01,0x01,0x21,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01, 0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0xFF, 0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x10,0x20,0x24,0x1C,0x04,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x01,0x3E,0x01,0x3F, 0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x22,0x22,0x27,0x30,0x00,0x00, 0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x1E,0x25,0x25,0x25,0x16,0x00,0x00,0x1E,0x21, 0x21,0x21,0x13,0x00,0x01,0x01,0x1F,0x21,0x21,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x21,0x3F,0x22,0x21, 0x01,0x00,0x00,0x1E,0x21,0x21,0x21,0x1E,0x00,0x21,0x3F,0x22,0x01,0x01,0x3E,0x20, 0x00,0x21,0x21,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x1E,0x21,0x21,0x21,0x13,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF, 0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x0C,0x00,0xF0,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x08,0xF0, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x04,0xFC,0x04,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0C,0x04,0xFC,0x04,0x0C,0x00,0x04,0xFC,0x04,0x04,0x08,0xF0, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF, 0xFF,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80, 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x81,0x82,0x84,0x84,0x84,0x82,0x80,0x81,0x82,0x84,0x84,0x82,0x81, 0x80,0x80,0x86,0x86,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x85,0x83,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80, 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x84,0x87,0x84,0x84, 0x84,0x86,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x84,0x87,0x84,0x80,0x80,0x84,0x87,0x84,0x84,0x82,0x81, 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80, 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80, 0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0xFF }; /* ------------------- EEPROM测试数据 ------------------- */ /* * 测试字符串:用于AT24C02写入验证 * - 字符串内容:"Explorer STM32F4 IIC TEST" * - 存储方式:通过IIC总线写入EEPROM指定地址 * - 长度定义:使用sizeof自动计算字节数 */ const u8 TEXT_Buffer[] = {"Explorer STM32F4 IIC TEST"}; #define SIZE sizeof(TEXT_Buffer) /* ------------------- 主函数实现 ------------------- */ int main(void) { const unsigned char *point; // 字模数据指针 u16 i = 0; // 循环计数器 /* 系统初始化流程 * 优先级:延时→中断→通信→外设→显示 */ delay_init(); // 初始化SysTick延时函数 NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2); // 配置中断优先级分组 uart_init(115200); // 初始化USART1(波特率115200) LED_Init(); // 初始化LED控制引脚 // KEY_Init(); // 按键初始化(代码中未调用,已注释) AT24CXX_Init(); // 初始化IIC总线(OLED与24C02共用) OLED_init(); // 初始化OLED显示屏 /* OLED静态信息显示 * 显示内容:学号、日期(固定位置显示) */ OLED_ShowString(0, 0, "23221093", 16); // 显示学号(16像素字体) OLED_ShowString(0, 40, "ATOM 2025/05/08", 12); // 显示日期(12像素字体) OLED_Refresh_Gram(); // 刷新显示缓冲区到OLED /* 字模数据指针初始化 */ point = &picture_tab[0]; // 指向字模数据首地址 /* 主循环逻辑 * 1. 动态显示汉字信息 * 2. 周期性刷新OLED屏幕 * 3. LED状态指示系统运行 */ while (1) { /* 汉字显示模块 * 自定义显示函数说明: * - OLED_SHOWliu:显示"刘"字 * - OLED_SHOWmu:显示"牧"字 * - OLED_SHOWwei:显示"伟"字 * 参数含义: * - x,y:显示起始坐标(像素) * - mode:0=反显,1=正显 * - size:字体大小(12/16/24) * - num:保留参数(未使用) */ OLED_SHOWliu(0, 24, 1, 16, 1); // 在(0,24)显示16像素"刘"字 OLED_SHOWmu(16, 24, 1, 16, 1); // 在(16,24)显示16像素"穆"字 OLED_SHOWwei(32, 24, 1, 16, 1); // 在(32,24)显示16像素"惟"字 OLED_Refresh_Gram(); // 更新OLED显示缓冲区 delay_ms(100); // 延时100ms(控制刷新频率) /* LED状态指示逻辑 * 实现原理:每300ms翻转一次LED状态 * 作用:直观提示系统程序正常运行 */ if (++i > 3) { LED1 = !LED1; // 翻转LED1电平状态 i = 0; // 计数器清零 } } } 修改以上代码,完成:使用定时器在OLED显示屏上实现秒倒计时器,倒计时器的初值设为1234,每秒数字减1,OLED屏在0列16行处显示,字号为16,oled屏只保留倒计时器,并为我提供timer.c的修改。timer.c如下: #include "timer.h" #include "led.h" ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //通用定时器3中断初始化 //这里时钟选择为APB1的2倍,而APB1为36M //arr:自动重装值。 //psc:时钟预分频数 //这里使用的是定时器3! void TIM3_Int_Init(u16 arr,u16 psc) { TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseStructure; NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure; RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM3, ENABLE); //时钟使能 //定时器TIM3初始化 TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = arr; //设置在下一个更新事件装入活动的自动重装载寄存器周期的值 TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler =psc; //设置用来作为TIMx时钟频率除数的预分频值 TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1; //设置时钟分割:TDTS = Tck_tim TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up; //TIM向上计数模式 TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure); //根据指定的参数初始化TIMx的时间基数单位 TIM_ITConfig(TIM3,TIM_IT_Update,ENABLE ); //使能指定的TIM3中断,允许更新中断 //中断优先级NVIC设置 NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM3_IRQn; //TIM3中断 NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0; //先占优先级0级 NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 3; //从优先级3级 NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE; //IRQ通道被使能 NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure); //初始化NVIC寄存器 TIM_Cmd(TIM3, ENABLE); //使能TIMx } //定时器3中断服务程序 void TIM3_IRQHandler(void) //TIM3中断 { if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM3, TIM_IT_Update) != RESET) //检查TIM3更新中断发生与否 { TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM3, TIM_IT_Update ); //清除TIMx更新中断标志 LED1=!LED1; } } //TIM4 PWM部分初始化 //PWM输出初始化 //arr:自动重装值 //psc:时钟预分频数 void TIM4_PWM_Init(u32 arr,u32 psc) { //此部分需手动修改IO口设置 GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure; TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseStructure; TIM_OCInitTypeDef TIM_OCInitStructure; RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM4,ENABLE); //TIM4时钟使能 RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE); //使能PORTB时钟 // RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE); // //GPIO_PinRemapConfig(GPIO_PartialRemap_TIM3, ENABLE);//GPIOB8复用位定时器4 // GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOB,GPIO_PinSource8,GPIO_AF_TIM4); //设置该引脚为复用输出功能,输出TIM3 CH2的PWM脉冲波形 GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_8; //GPIOB8 GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP; //复用推挽输出 GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; GPIO_Init(GPIOB,&GPIO_InitStructure); //初始化PB8 TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler=psc; //定时器分频 TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode=TIM_CounterMode_Up; //向上计数模式 TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period=arr; //自动重装载值 TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision=TIM_CKD_DIV1; TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM4,&TIM_TimeBaseStructure); //初始化TIM4 Channe3 PWM模式 TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1; //选择定时器模式:TIM脉冲宽度调制模式2 TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable; //比较输出使能 TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_Low; //输出极性:TIM输出比较极性高 TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_Pulse=9000; TIM_OC3Init(TIM4, &TIM_OCInitStructure); //根据T指定的参数初始化外设TIM4 OC3 TIM_OC3PreloadConfig(TIM4, TIM_OCPreload_Enable); //使能TIM4在CCR2上的预装载寄存器 TIM_ARRPreloadConfig(TIM4,ENABLE); TIM_Cmd(TIM4, ENABLE); //使能TIM4 }
时间: 2025-07-01 16:44:35 浏览: 10
### 实现STM32项目中定时器OLED倒计时功能
为了在STM32项目中使用定时器实现OLED倒计时功能,需要结合定时器的中断功能与OLED显示功能。以下是具体实现方法:
#### 1. 定时器配置
根据引用内容[^2],设置定时器初值和分频系数以实现每秒中断一次的功能。假设使用TIM3定时器,目标系统时钟为72MHz(如引用[^1]所述),计算定时器初值和分频系数如下:
- 定时器溢出时间 = (ARR + 1) * (PSC + 1) / fCK_PSC
- 设定溢出时间为1秒,则:
- (ARR + 1) * (PSC + 1) = fCK_PSC * 1s
- 假设fCK_PSC = 72MHz,则:
- (ARR + 1) * (PSC + 1) = 72,000,000
- 取ARR = 9999(最大值为65535,合理范围内的较大值),则:
- PSC + 1 = 72,000,000 / (ARR + 1) = 72,000,000 / 10000 ≈ 7200
- PSC = 7199
因此,设置ARR为9999,PSC为7199。
#### 2. 初始化代码
在`timer.c`文件中添加或修改初始化代码以支持上述配置。以下是一个示例代码片段:
```c
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"
void TIM3_Init(void) {
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim3;
// 使能定时器时钟
__HAL_RCC_TIM3_CLK_ENABLE();
// 配置定时器参数
htim3.Instance = TIM3;
htim3.Init.Prescaler = 7199; // 分频系数
htim3.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP; // 向上计数模式
htim3.Init.Period = 9999; // 自动重装载值
htim3.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim3);
// 配置定时器中断
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(TIM3_IRQn, 0, 0); // 设置中断优先级
HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(TIM3_IRQn); // 使能定时器中断
}
```
#### 3. 中断服务程序
在`timer.c`文件中编写定时器中断服务程序,用于更新倒计时变量并触发OLED刷新。
```c
volatile uint32_t countdown = 1234; // 倒计时初始值
void TIM3_IRQHandler(void) {
if (__HAL_TIM_GET_FLAG(&htim3, TIM_FLAG_UPDATE) != RESET &&
__HAL_TIM_GET_IT_SOURCE(&htim3, TIM_IT_UPDATE) != RESET) {
// 清除中断标志位
__HAL_TIM_CLEAR_IT(&htim3, TIM_IT_UPDATE);
// 更新倒计时
if (countdown > 0) {
countdown--;
}
// 触发OLED刷新
OLED_Refresh_Countdown(countdown);
}
}
```
#### 4. OLED显示函数
在OLED驱动代码中实现一个函数`OLED_Refresh_Countdown`,用于将倒计时内容显示到OLED屏幕上。以下是一个伪代码示例:
```c
void OLED_Refresh_Countdown(uint32_t value) {
char buffer[16];
sprintf(buffer, "Countdown: %d", value); // 格式化字符串
OLED_Clear(); // 清屏
OLED_ShowString(0, 0, buffer); // 显示倒计时内容
}
```
#### 5. 主函数调用
在主函数中初始化定时器和OLED,并启动定时器。
```c
int main(void) {
HAL_Init();
SystemClock_Config();
OLED_Init(); // 初始化OLED
TIM3_Init(); // 初始化定时器
// 启动定时器
HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim3);
while (1) {
// 主循环
}
}
```
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