c# chart曲线

### 创建和自定义曲线图表 在 C# WinForms 应用程序中创建和自定义带有多个 Y 轴的 2D 数据曲线显示控件可以通过使用 `System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting` 命名空间中的类来实现[^1]。 #### 添加命名空间引用 为了能够访问 Chart 控件的功能，项目需要添加对 `System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.dll` 的引用。这通常通过 NuGet 包管理器安装完成。 #### 初始化 Chart 控件 Chart 控件可以被拖放到设计器上或者编程方式实例化并设置其属性： ```csharp using System; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting; public class CustomChartForm : Form { private Chart chart; public CustomChartForm() { InitializeComponents(); } private void InitializeComponents() { // Create and configure the chart control. chart = new Chart(); chart.Dock = DockStyle.Fill; var chartArea = new ChartArea("Main"); chart.ChartAreas.Add(chartArea); Controls.Add(chart); } } ``` #### 配置多条 Y 轴 对于具有三个独立 Y 轴的需求，在 ChartArea 对象内配置额外的 AxisY 实例，并指定它们的位置以及关联的数据序列： ```csharp // Add primary Y axis (left side). chartArea.AxisY.Title = "Primary Voltage"; chartArea.AxisY.LineColor = Color.Black; // Add secondary Y axes on right side of plot area. var yAxisSecondaryCurrent = new Axis("AxisY2", AxisName.Y, true); yAxisSecondaryCurrent.Title = "Current"; yAxisSecondaryCurrent.LineColor = Color.Blue; chartArea.AxisY2.Enabled = AxisEnabled.True; chartArea.AxisY2.MajorGrid.LineDashStyle = ChartDashStyle.DashDot; chartArea.AxisY2.LabelAutoFitMinFontSize = 8; var yAxisTertiaryPower = new Axis("AxisY3", AxisName.Y, false); yAxisTertiaryPower.Title = "Power"; yAxisTertiaryPower.LineColor = Color.Red; chartArea.AxisY3.Enabled = AxisEnabled.True; chartArea.AxisY3.IsStartedFromZero = false; chartArea.AxisY3.IntervalOffsetType = DateTimeIntervalType.Number; ``` #### 绘制实时更新的电压电流轨迹曲线 为了让图表支持动态数据输入，可以在后台线程定时向 Series 中追加新点位，同时移除过期的数据点保持窗口滚动效果: ```csharp private Timer timerUpdateDataPoints; private Random randomGenerator = new(); timerUpdateDataPoints = new(100); timerUpdateDataPoints.Elapsed += OnTimerTick; timerUpdateDataPoints.Start(); void OnTimerTick(object sender, EventArgs e) { double voltageValue = GetVoltageReading(); // Replace with actual data source method call double currentValue = GetCurrentReading(); // Replace with actual data source method call seriesVoltage.Points.AddXY(DateTime.Now.ToOADate(), voltageValue); seriesCurrent.Points.AddXY(DateTime.Now.ToOADate(), currentValue); if(seriesVoltage.Points.Count > MAX_POINTS){ seriesVoltage.Points.RemoveAt(0); seriesCurrent.Points.RemoveAt(0); } this.Invoke((MethodInvoker)this.chart.Invalidate); } double GetVoltageReading(){ return Math.Sin(randomGenerator.NextDouble()) * VOLTAGE_AMPLITUDE + BASE_VOLTAGE_LEVEL; } double GetCurrentReading(){ return Math.Cos(randomGenerator.NextDouble()) * CURRENT_AMPLITUDE + BASE_CURRENT_LEVEL; } ```