[root@iZbp1avc1olq9krqsni6tuZ postgres]# sudo yum install -y postgis35_15 Last metadata expiration check: 2:13:26 ago on Mon 23 Jun 2025 11:07:10 AM CST. Error: Problem: cannot install the best candidate for the job - nothing provides geos313 >= 3.13.0 needed by postgis35_15-3.5.2-1PGDG.rhel9.x86_64 from pgdg15 - nothing provides gdal310-libs >= 3.10.0 needed by postgis35_15-3.5.2-1PGDG.rhel9.x86_64 from pgdg15 - nothing provides proj95 >= 9.5.1 needed by postgis35_15-3.5.2-1PGDG.rhel9.x86_64 from pgdg15 - nothing provides libjson-c.so.5()(64bit) needed by postgis35_15-3.5.2-1PGDG.rhel9.x86_64 from pgdg15 - nothing provides libgeos_c.so.1()(64bit) needed by postgis35_15-3.5.2-1PGDG.rhel9.x86_64 from pgdg15 - nothing provides libproj.so.25()(64bit) needed by postgis35_15-3.5.2-1PGDG.rhel9.x86_64 from pgdg15 - nothing provides libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.29)(64bit) needed by postgis35_15-3.5.2-1PGDG.rhel9.x86_64 from pgdg15 - nothing provides libjson-c.so.5(JSONC_0.14)(64bit) needed by postgis35_15-3.5.2-1PGDG.rhel9.x86_64 from pgdg15 - nothing provides hdf5 needed by postgis35_15-3.5.2-1PGDG.rhel9.x86_64 from pgdg15 - nothing provides libSFCGAL.so.2()(64bit) needed by postgis35_15-3.5.2-1PGDG.rhel9.x86_64 from pgdg15 - nothing provides xerces-c needed by postgis35_15-3.5.2-1PGDG.rhel9.x86_64 from pgdg15 - nothing provides libgeotiff17 needed by postgis35_15-3.5.2-1PGDG.rhel9.x86_64 from pgdg15 - nothing provides libgdal.so.36()(64bit) needed by postgis35_15-3.5.2-1PGDG.rhel9.x86_64 from pgdg15 (try to add '--skip-broken' to skip uninstallable packages or '--nobest' to use not only best candidate packages)

<think>我们已经在阿里云Linux3系统上安装了PostgreSQL15，现在需要安装PostGIS3.5.2扩展。根据引用[1]中的步骤，我们需要从源码编译安装PostGIS。但是，在编译过程中可能会遇到依赖问题（如缺少geos、gdal、proj等）。以下步骤将指导你解决这些依赖问题并成功安装PostGIS。###步骤1：安装编译工具和基础依赖```bashsudoyumgroupinstall"DevelopmentTools"sudoyuminstallwgetunzip```###步骤2：安装PostGIS所需依赖库根据引用[1]和引用[3]，我们需要安装以下依赖库：-GEOS(GeometryEngine-OpenSource)-PROJ(坐标投影库)-GDAL(GeospatialDataAbstractionLibrary)-JSON-C-libxml2-protobuf(可选，但PostGIS某些功能需要)####2.1安装GEOS```bash#下载GEOS（注意：PostGIS3.5.2要求GEOS>=3.6，这里安装3.13）wgethttps://download.osgeo.org/geos/geos-3.13.0.tar.bz2tar-xvfgeos-3.13.0.tar.bz2cdgeos-3.13.0./configure--prefix=/usr/localmake-j$(nproc)sudomakeinstall```####2.2安装PROJ```bash#安装PROJ（注意：PostGIS3.5.2要求PROJ>=6.1，这里安装9.5）wgethttps://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-9.5.0.tar.gztar-xvfproj-9.5.0.tar.gzcdproj-9.5.0./configure--prefix=/usr/localmake-j$(nproc)sudomakeinstall```####2.3安装GDAL```bash#安装GDAL（注意：PostGIS3.5.2要求GDAL>=2.4，这里安装3.10.0）wgethttps://download.osgeo.org/gdal/3.10.0/gdal-3.10.0.tar.gztar-xvfgdal-3.10.0.tar.gzcdgdal-3.10.0./configure--prefix=/usr/localmake-j$(nproc)sudomakeinstall```####2.4安装JSON-C```bashwgethttps://s3.amazonaws.com/json-c_releases/releases/json-c-0.17.tar.gztar-xvfjson-c-0.17.tar.gzcdjson-c-0.17./configure--prefix=/usr/localmakesudomakeinstall```####2.5安装libxml2```bash#下载libxml2（注意版本）wgethttp://xmlsoft.org/sources/libxml2-2.9.12.tar.gztar-xvflibxml2-2.9.12.tar.gzcdlibxml2-2.9.12./configure--prefix=/usr/localmakesudomakeinstall```####2.6安装protobuf-c（如果需要）```bashwgethttps://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v3.15.8/protobuf-cpp-3.15.8.tar.gztar-xvfprotobuf-cpp-3.15.8.tar.gzcdprotobuf-3.15.8./configure--prefix=/usr/localmakesudomakeinstall```###步骤3：配置动态链接库路径```bash#更新动态链接库缓存sudoldconfig```###步骤4：编译安装PostGIS3.5.2```bashwgethttps://download.osgeo.org/postgis/source/postgis-3.5.2.tar.gztar-zxvfpostgis-3.5.2.tar.gzcdpostgis-3.5.2#配置（注意：根据你的PostgreSQL安装路径调整pg_config路径，通常为/usr/pgsql-15/bin/pg_config）./configure\--with-pgconfig=/usr/pgsql-15/bin/pg_config\--with-geosconfig=/usr/local/bin/geos-config\--with-projdir=/usr/local\--with-gdalconfig=/usr/local/bin/gdal-config\--with-jsondir=/usr/local\--with-xml2config=/usr/local/bin/xml2-config\--with-protobufdir=/usr/local#编译并安装makesudomakeinstall```###步骤5：在PostgreSQL中启用PostGIS扩展```bash#切换到postgres用户sudo-iupostgres#连接到你的数据库psql-dyour_database#在数据库内执行CREATEEXTENSIONpostgis;CREATEEXTENSIONpostgis_topology;--可选```###步骤6：验证安装```sqlSELECTPostGIS_Version();```###常见问题解决1.**configure:error:couldnotfindgeos-config**确保GEOS已正确安装，且`geos-config`位于`/usr/local/bin`（或安装路径）并已加入`PATH`。2.**动态库加载失败**运行`sudoldconfig`更新动态链接库缓存。3.**权限问题**如引用[3]所述，如果`makeinstall`时权限不足，可使用`sudo`执行，然后调整目录所有者：```bashsudomakeinstall#假设安装到/usr/local，通常不需要调整，如果安装到其他目录可能需要调整#chown-Rpostgres:postgres/path/to/installation```###相关问题1.如何在PostgreSQL中管理PostGIS扩展的版本升级？2.如何优化PostGIS的空间查询性能？3.在阿里云环境中如何配置PostGIS的高可用架构？4.如何将Shapefile数据导入PostGIS数据库？[^1]:PostGIS官方安装文档[^2]:PostgreSQLRPM仓库的版本命名规范[^3]:阿里云环境下的PostgreSQL服务管理指南</think>### 解决阿里云 Linux3 系统安装 PostGIS 3.5.2 的依赖问题 在阿里云 Linux3 系统上编译安装 PostGIS 3.5.2 for PostgreSQL 15 时，缺少 `geos313`、`gdal310-libs`、`proj95` 等依赖的问题可通过以下步骤解决： --- #### **1. 安装基础编译工具** ```bash sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools" sudo yum install epel-release wget unzip ``` --- #### **2. 手动编译安装依赖库** > **核心思路**：PostGIS 依赖的空间库需手动编译安装，阿里云官方仓库可能不包含最新版本。 ##### **(1) 安装 GEOS 3.13** ```bash wget https://download.osgeo.org/geos/geos-3.13.0.tar.bz2 tar -xvf geos-3.13.0.tar.bz2 cd geos-3.13.0 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local make -j $(nproc) sudo make install ``` ##### **(2) 安装 PROJ 9.5** ```bash wget https://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-9.5.0.tar.gz tar -xvf proj-9.5.0.tar.gz cd proj-9.5.0 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local make -j $(nproc) sudo make install ``` ##### **(3) 安装 GDAL 3.10** ```bash wget https://download.osgeo.org/gdal/3.10.0/gdal-3.10.0.tar.gz tar -xvf gdal-3.10.0.tar.gz cd gdal-3.10.0 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local make -j $(nproc) sudo make install ``` ##### **(4) 安装 JSON-C** ```bash wget https://s3.amazonaws.com/json-c_releases/releases/json-c-0.17.tar.gz tar -xvf json-c-0.17.tar.gz cd json-c-0.17 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local make sudo make install ``` --- #### **3. 配置动态链接库** ```bash # 更新库路径 echo "/usr/local/lib" | sudo tee /etc/ld.so.conf.d/local.conf sudo ldconfig # 验证路径 ldconfig -p | grep -E 'geos|proj|gdal' ``` --- #### **4. 编译安装 PostGIS 3.5.2** ```bash wget https://download.osgeo.org/postgis/source/postgis-3.5.2.tar.gz tar -zxvf postgis-3.5.2.tar.gz cd postgis-3.5.2 # 关键配置（路径需匹配实际安装位置） ./configure \ --with-pgconfig=/usr/pgsql-15/bin/pg_config \ --with-geosconfig=/usr/local/bin/geos-config \ --with-projdir=/usr/local \ --with-gdalconfig=/usr/local/bin/gdal-config \ --with-jsondir=/usr/local \ LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/lib" \ CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include" make sudo make install ``` --- #### **5. 在 PostgreSQL 中启用扩展** ```bash sudo -iu postgres psql -d your_database # 执行SQL命令 CREATE EXTENSION postgis; SELECT PostGIS_Version(); -- 验证输出应为 "3.5.2" ``` --- #### **故障排除** - **`configure` 报错 "library not found"** 检查 `LDFLAGS` 和 `CPPFLAGS` 路径是否包含 `/usr/local/lib` 和 `/usr/local/include`。 - **`make install` 权限不足** 使用 `sudo` 执行，或参考引用[3]调整目录权限： ```bash sudo chown -R postgres:postgres /usr/pgsql-15/share/extension/ ``` - **运行时加载失败** 确保 PostgreSQL 服务重启前执行 `sudo ldconfig`。 --- #### **验证依赖关系** ```bash # 检查动态库链接 ldd /usr/pgsql-15/lib/postgis-3.so | grep -E 'geos|proj|gdal' # 预期输出示例 libgeos_c.so.1 => /usr/local/lib/libgeos_c.so.1 libproj.so.25 => /usr/local/lib/libproj.so.25 libgdal.so.32 => /usr/local/lib/libgdal.so.32 ``` --- ### **相关问题** 1. 如何在已运行的 PostgreSQL 15 实例中安全升级 PostGIS 版本？ 2. PostGIS 空间索引的类型和优化方法有哪些？ 3. 如何将 Shapefile 数据高效导入 PostGIS 数据库？ 4. 阿里云环境中如何监控 PostGIS 的空间查询性能？ > 引用说明： > 依赖库编译步骤参考了 GIS 库的标准安装流程[^1]，权限调整方法借鉴了信创云环境中的实践[^3]。