手搓openstack云平台搭建步骤

<think>嗯，用户想手动搭建OpenStack云平台，需要详细步骤。之前用户提供过几个零散的引用片段，涉及nova服务启动、neutron服务创建和镜像挂载操作，这些确实是搭建OpenStack的关键动作。用户可能是个系统管理员或云计算学习者，正在尝试本地部署私有云。ta特意提到“手动搭建”，说明需要避开自动化工具直接操作底层组件，可能是为了学习原理或定制化部署。从引用内容看，ta的环境应该是CentOS系统，并且接触过iaas镜像挂载这类基础操作。需要重点注意几个技术细节：控制节点是核心，必须明确基础环境配置包括哪些服务（mysql/rabbitmq/memcached这些）；用户引用的挂载操作提示了镜像准备方式，但实际部署时可能需要区分操作系统的yum源和OpenStack专属仓库；neutron和nova的联动配置最容易出错，要特别标注网络规划部分。之前的回答已经覆盖了基础部署流程，但用户可以还需要这些延伸帮助：如果是多节点部署要怎么调整？遇到服务启动失败如何排查？如何验证各组件功能？这些问题可以作为后续生成的思考方向。</think> 手动搭建 OpenStack 云平台需严谨执行以下步骤（以**Train/Yoga版本为例，基于CentOS 7/8环境**），核心分为六个阶段： --- ### 🔧 阶段一：基础环境准备（控制节点） 1. **系统配置** ```bash # 关闭防火墙和SELinux systemctl stop firewalld; systemctl disable firewalld setenforce 0; sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 配置主机名解析 echo "192.168.100.10 controller" >> /etc/hosts echo "192.168.100.20 compute" >> /etc/hosts ``` 2. **安装数据库（MariaDB）** ```bash yum install mariadb mariadb-server python2-PyMySQL -y systemctl start mariadb; systemctl enable mariadb mysql_secure_installation # 按提示设置root密码 ``` 3. **消息队列（RabbitMQ）** ```bash yum install rabbitmq-server -y systemctl start rabbitmq-server; systemctl enable rabbitmq-server rabbitmqctl add_user openstack RABBIT_PASS # 替换为实际密码 rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*" ``` --- ### ☁️ 阶段二：认证服务（Keystone） 1. **创建数据库** ```sql CREATE DATABASE keystone; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS'; ``` 2. **安装与配置** ```bash yum install openstack-keystone httpd mod_wsgi -y ``` 修改 `/etc/keystone/keystone.conf`： ```ini [database] connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:KEYSTONE_DBPASS@controller/keystone [token] provider = fernet ``` 3. **启动服务** ```bash su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone keystone-manage fernet_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone systemctl start httpd; systemctl enable httpd ``` --- ### 🔗 阶段三：网络服务（Neutron） 1. **控制节点配置** ```bash # 创建服务实体（引用[2]） openstack service create --name neutron --description "OpenStack Networking" network ``` 关键配置文件 `/etc/neutron/neutron.conf`: ```ini [DEFAULT] core_plugin = ml2 service_plugins = router allow_overlapping_ips = true transport_url = rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller ``` 2. **计算节点配置** ```bash yum install openstack-neutron-linuxbridge ebtables ipset -y ``` 修改 `/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini`： ```ini [linux_bridge] physical_interface_mappings = provider:ens33 # 替换为实际网卡名 ``` --- ### 💻 阶段四：计算服务（Nova） 1. **控制节点** ```bash # 启动核心服务（引用[1]） systemctl start openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-scheduler openstack-nova-conductor openstack-nova-novncproxy systemctl enable openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-scheduler openstack-nova-conductor openstack-nova-novncproxy ``` 2. **计算节点** 配置 `/etc/nova/nova.conf`: ```ini [vnc] enabled = true server_listen = 0.0.0.0 server_proxyclient_address = $my_ip # 替换为计算节点IP novncproxy_base_url = http://controller:6080/vnc_auto.html ``` --- ### 📦 阶段五：镜像服务（Glance） 1. **上传系统镜像** ```bash openstack image create "cirros" \ --file cirros-0.5.2-x86_64-disk.img \ --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare \ --public ``` 2. **验证镜像** ```bash openstack image list ``` --- ### ⚙️ 阶段六：创建虚拟网络与实例 1. **创建租户网络** ```bash openstack network create --internal private-net openstack subnet create --network private-net --subnet-range 192.168.200.0/24 private-subnet ``` 2. **启动测试实例** ```bash openstack server create --image cirros --flavor m1.tiny --network private-net test-vm ``` --- ### 📌 注意事项 1. **依赖项检查** 所有服务启动前需确认： ```bash systemctl status mariadb rabbitmq-server httpd # 确保关键服务正常运行 ``` 2. **日志排查** 常见错误查看位置： ```bash tail -f /var/log/keystone/keystone.log # Keystone认证问题 journalctl -u neutron-server.service # 网络服务异常 ``` 3. **镜像源配置（引用[3]）** 本地源挂载示例： ```bash mount /dev/cdrom /opt/centos/ # 挂载系统ISO mount chinaskills_cloud_iaas.iso /mnt/ # 挂载IaaS镜像 cp -rvf /mnt/* /opt/openstack/ ``` > 部署文档推荐：[OpenStack Yoga Install Guide](https://docs.openstack.org/yoga/install/) > 环境差异提示：网络配置（OVS/vSwitch）、存储后端（Ceph/LVM）需根据实际调整架构图[^4] --- **