Failed to build opencv-python ERROR: Could not build wheels for opencv-python which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly

时间: 2025-04-06 17:11:18 浏览: 73
<think>嗯,用户遇到了安装opencv-python时出现的构建错误,提示无法构建使用PEP 517的wheel。我需要根据提供的引用内容来整理解决方案。首先,引用中提到可能的原因包括Python版本过低、缺少构建工具或依赖项、网络问题等。然后,用户可能已经尝试过使用镜像源安装但失败了,比如引用3中提到用阿里云镜像还是报错。接着,引用4和5指出Python版本的问题,比如Python3.6可能不兼容,建议升级到3.7或更高版本。此外,引用5提到用conda安装py-opencv可能有效,这可能是因为conda预编译的包避免了本地构建。另外,安装构建工具如CMake、gcc等也可能有帮助,如引用3中的解决办法。还要确保pip、setuptools和wheel是最新版本,可能解决兼容性问题。用户可能需要多种方法,比如升级Python、使用conda、安装依赖项或预编译版本。需要将这些步骤分点整理,确保用户能逐步尝试。另外,生成相关问题时要考虑用户后续可能遇到的问题,比如环境配置、其他安装方法或验证安装等。需要确保回答清晰,步骤可行,引用正确。</think>### 解决 opencv-python 构建失败的完整方案 #### 1. **升级 Python 版本** - **问题定位**:Python 3.6 及以下版本可能因兼容性问题导致构建失败[^4][^5]。 - **解决方案**:升级至 Python 3.7 或更高版本,推荐使用 Python 3.8/3.9。 - **验证方法**: ```bash python --version ``` #### 2. **安装系统构建工具** - **依赖缺失**:构建 opencv-python 需要 C/C++ 编译环境和开发库[^3]。 - **Windows 系统**:安装 Visual Studio Build Tools(勾选 C++ 组件)或 [Microsoft C++ Build Tools](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/)。 - **Linux/macOS 系统**: ```bash # Ubuntu/Debian sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev # macOS(需安装 Xcode Command Line Tools) xcode-select --install ``` #### 3. **使用预编译二进制包** - **绕过本地构建**:通过 conda 安装预编译版本: ```bash conda install -c conda-forge py-opencv ``` - **指定旧版本**:使用兼容性更好的 opencv-python 版本: ```bash pip install opencv-python==4.5.5.64 ``` #### 4. **配置 pip 环境** - **更新工具链**: ```bash pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel ``` - **禁用 PEP 517 构建**(临时方案): ```bash pip install --no-use-pep517 opencv-python ``` #### 5. **镜像源加速** - **使用国内镜像**(若网络问题导致下载失败)[^3]: ```bash pip install -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple opencv-python ``` #### 6. **验证安装** 安装完成后测试是否成功: ```python import cv2 print(cv2.__version__) # 预期输出类似 "4.5.5" ``` --- ### 分步总结 | 步骤 | 操作 | 适用场景 | |------|-------------------------|---------------------------| | 1 | 升级 Python | Python ≤3.6 的环境 | | 2 | 安装构建工具 | 缺少编译环境 | | 3 | 使用 conda 或旧版本包 | 避免本地构建失败 | | 4 | 更新 pip 并禁用 PEP 517 | 工具链过旧或构建策略冲突 | | 5 | 切换镜像源 | 网络下载不稳定 | ---
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Building wheel for opencv-python (PEP 517) ... error ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: command: 'D:\APK\Anaconda3\Anaconda_envs\envs\py36\python.exe' 'D:\APK\Anaconda3\Anaconda_envs\envs\py36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py' build_wheel 'C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\tmp3qh80acc' cwd: C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-rgwjv3aq\opencv-python_fd09f9b2c0924ba08efc2a7392ece39a Complete output (395 lines): -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Ninja does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Visual Studio 17 2022 could not find any instance of Visual Studio. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Ninja does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Visual Studio 16 2019 could not find any instance of Visual Studio. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Ninja does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Visual Studio 15 2017 could not find any instance of Visual Studio. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator NMake Makefiles does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator NMake Makefiles does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator NMake Makefiles does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ******************************************************************************** scikit-build could not get a working generator for your system. Aborting build. Building windows wheels for Python 3.6 requires Microsoft Visual Studio 2022. Get it with "Visual Studio 2017": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/ Or with "Visual Studio 2019": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/ Or with "Visual Studio 2022": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/ ******************************************************************************** ---------------------------------------- ERROR: Failed building wheel for opencv-python Failed to build opencv-python ERROR: Could not build wheels for opencv-python which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly

ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: command: 'D:\Anaconda\evns\po\python.exe' 'D:\Anaconda\evns\po\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\in_process\_in_process.py' build_wheel 'C:\Users\yyl\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpatxkkuj_' cwd: C:\Users\yyl\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-qb0ucx4o\opencv-python_e26f28e674d64061957efe5f8d7608d8 Complete output (395 lines): -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Ninja does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Visual Studio 17 2022 could not find any instance of Visual Studio. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Ninja does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Visual Studio 16 2019 could not find any instance of Visual Studio. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Ninja does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Ninja (Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator Visual Studio 15 2017 could not find any instance of Visual Studio. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator NMake Makefiles does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 17 2022 x64 v143)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator NMake Makefiles does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 16 2019 x64 v142)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141)' generator -------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ------------ ------- -- Not searching for unused variables given on the command line. CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required): Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 will be removed from a future version of CMake. Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions. CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:2 (PROJECT): Generator NMake Makefiles does not support platform specification, but platform x64 was specified. -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred! -- ------- ------------ ----------------- ---------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------- -- Trying 'NMake Makefiles (Visual Studio 15 2017 x64 v141)' generator - failure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ******************************************************************************** scikit-build could not get a working generator for your system. Aborting build. Building windows wheels for Python 3.6 requires Microsoft Visual Studio 2022. Get it with "Visual Studio 2017": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/ Or with "Visual Studio 2019": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/ Or with "Visual Studio 2022": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/ ******************************************************************************** ---------------------------------------- ERROR: Failed building wheel for opencv-python Failed to build opencv-python ERROR: Could not build wheels for opencv-python which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly

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