1、【编程题】某公司的雇员分为以下若干类： (1) Employee：这是所有员工总的父类。 ① 属性：员工的姓名,员工的生日月份 ② 方法：getSalary(int month) 根据参数月份来确定工资，如果该月员工过生日，则公司会额外奖励100 元。 (2) SalariedEmployee：Employee 的子类，拿固定工资的员工。 ① 属性：月薪。 (3)HourlyEmployee：Employee 的子类，按小时拿工资的员工，每月工作超出160小时的部分按照1.5 倍工资发放。 ① 属性：每小时的工资、每月工作的小时数。 (4) SalesEmployee：Employee 的子类，销售，工资由月销售额和提成率决定。 ① 属性：月销售额、提成率。 (5) BasePlusSalesEmployee：SalesEmployee 的子类，有固定底薪的销售人员，工资由底薪加上销售提成部分。 ① 属性：底薪。 要求： 创建一个Employee 数组，分别创建若干不同的Employee对象，并打印某个月的工资。 注意：要求把每个类都做成完全封装，不允许非私有化属性。

以下是代码实现： ``` class Employee { private: string name; int birthMonth; public: Employee(string name, int birthMonth) { this->name = name; this->birthMonth = birthMonth; } virtual double getSalary(int month) { double salary = 0; //根据月份计算工资 return salary; } }; class SalariedEmployee : public Employee { private: double monthlySalary; public: SalariedEmployee(string name, int birthMonth, double monthlySalary) : Employee(name, birthMonth) { this->monthlySalary = monthlySalary; } double getSalary(int month) { double salary = monthlySalary; if (month == getBirthMonth()) { salary += 100; } return salary; } }; class HourlyEmployee : public Employee { private: double hourlyWage; int monthlyWorkHours; public: HourlyEmployee(string name, int birthMonth, double hourlyWage, int monthlyWorkHours) : Employee(name, birthMonth) { this->hourlyWage = hourlyWage; this->monthlyWorkHours = monthlyWorkHours; } double getSalary(int month) { double salary = hourlyWage * monthlyWorkHours; if (monthlyWorkHours > 160) { salary += hourlyWage * 1.5 * (monthlyWorkHours - 160); } if (month == getBirthMonth()) { salary += 100; } return salary; } }; class SalesEmployee : public Employee { private: double monthlySales; double commissionRate; public: SalesEmployee(string name, int birthMonth, double monthlySales, double commissionRate) : Employee(name, birthMonth) { this->monthlySales = monthlySales; this->commissionRate = commissionRate; } double getSalary(int month) { double salary = monthlySales * commissionRate; if (month == getBirthMonth()) { salary += 100; } return salary; } }; class BasePlusSalesEmployee : public SalesEmployee { private: double baseSalary; public: BasePlusSalesEmployee(string name, int birthMonth, double monthlySales, double commissionRate, double baseSalary) : SalesEmployee(name, birthMonth, monthlySales, commissionRate) { this->baseSalary = baseSalary; } double getSalary(int month) { double salary = baseSalary + SalesEmployee::getSalary(month); if (month == getBirthMonth()) { salary += 100; } return salary; } }; int main() { Employee* employees[] = { new SalariedEmployee("Alice", 5, 5000), new HourlyEmployee("Bob", 10, 50, 180), new SalesEmployee("Charlie", 6, 100000, 0.05), new BasePlusSalesEmployee("David", 8, 80000, 0.1, 3000) }; int month = 5; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { cout << employees[i]->getSalary(month) << endl; } return 0; } ``` 这里使用了虚函数和多态的特性，通过创建不同的子类对象，实现了不同类型员工的计算工资方式。在main函数中创建了一个Employee类型的指针数组，指向四个不同类型的员工对象，并通过循环打印出某个月的工资。