图书管理系统 java

### Java图书管理系统开发教程及示例代码 Java Web图书管理系统是一个典型的项目，它涵盖了前端、后端以及数据库交互的完整流程。以下将详细介绍如何构建一个基本的图书管理系统，并提供相关代码示例。 #### 一、项目概述 图书管理系统的开发目标是实现对图书信息的增删改查（CRUD）操作，同时支持用户登录与权限管理，以及图书借阅和归还功能[^1]。系统管理员可以管理用户信息和图书库存。 #### 二、技术选型 - **前端技术**：HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JSP/Servlet, Bootstrap（可选） - **后端技术**：Java, Servlet, JDBC, JavaBeans - **数据库**：MySQL - **开发工具**：Eclipse/IntelliJ IDEA, MySQL Workbench - **服务器**：Tomcat #### 三、环境搭建 在开始开发之前，需要确保安装了Java JDK，并配置好开发环境[^1]。 ```bash # 检查Java版本 java -version ``` #### 四、项目结构设计 以下是项目的基本结构： ``` BookManagementSystem/ ├── src/ │ ├── com.example.controller/ │ │ └── BookController.java │ ├── com.example.dao/ │ │ └── BookDAO.java │ ├── com.example.model/ │ │ └── Book.java │ └── com.example.util/ │ └── DBUtil.java ├── WEB-INF/ │ ├── web.xml │ └── lib/ └── index.jsp ``` #### 五、核心代码示例 ##### 1. 数据库连接工具类 创建一个工具类用于管理数据库连接。 ```java package com.example.util; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; public class DBUtil { private static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/book_management"; private static final String USER = "root"; private static final String PASSWORD = "password"; public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException { return DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASSWORD); } } ``` ##### 2. 图书模型类 定义一个`Book`类表示图书信息。 ```java package com.example.model; public class Book { private int id; private String title; private String author; private int quantity; public Book(int id, String title, String author, int quantity) { this.id = id; this.title = title; this.author = author; this.quantity = quantity; } // Getters and Setters public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getTitle() { return title; } public void setTitle(String title) { this.title = title; } public String getAuthor() { return author; } public void setAuthor(String author) { this.author = author; } public int getQuantity() { return quantity; } public void setQuantity(int quantity) { this.quantity = quantity; } } ``` ##### 3. 数据访问对象（DAO） 创建`BookDAO`类用于处理数据库操作。 ```java package com.example.dao; import com.example.model.Book; import com.example.util.DBUtil; import java.sql.*; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class BookDAO { public List<Book> getAllBooks() throws SQLException { List<Book> books = new ArrayList<>(); try (Connection conn = DBUtil.getConnection(); Statement stmt = conn.createStatement(); ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM books")) { while (rs.next()) { int id = rs.getInt("id"); String title = rs.getString("title"); String author = rs.getString("author"); int quantity = rs.getInt("quantity"); books.add(new Book(id, title, author, quantity)); } } return books; } public void addBook(Book book) throws SQLException { try (Connection conn = DBUtil.getConnection(); PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement( "INSERT INTO books (title, author, quantity) VALUES (?, ?, ?)")) { pstmt.setString(1, book.getTitle()); pstmt.setString(2, book.getAuthor()); pstmt.setInt(3, book.getQuantity()); pstmt.executeUpdate(); } } } ``` ##### 4. 控制器类 创建`BookController`类用于处理HTTP请求。 ```java package com.example.controller; import com.example.dao.BookDAO; import com.example.model.Book; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.List; @WebServlet("/books") public class BookController extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { try { BookDAO bookDAO = new BookDAO(); List<Book> books = bookDAO.getAllBooks(); request.setAttribute("books", books); request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/views/book_list.jsp").forward(request, response); } catch (SQLException e) { throw new ServletException("Error retrieving books", e); } } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String title = request.getParameter("title"); String author = request.getParameter("author"); int quantity = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("quantity")); try { BookDAO bookDAO = new BookDAO(); bookDAO.addBook(new Book(0, title, author, quantity)); response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/books"); } catch (SQLException e) { throw new ServletException("Error adding book", e); } } } ``` ##### 5. 前端页面 创建一个简单的JSP页面用于显示图书列表。 ```jsp <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <html> <head> <title>图书管理系统</title> </head> <body> <h1>图书列表</h1> <table border="1"> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>标题</th> <th>作者</th> <th>数量</th> </tr> <c:forEach var="book" items="${books}"> <tr> <td>${book.id}</td> <td>${book.title}</td> <td>${book.author}</td> <td>${book.quantity}</td> </tr> </c:forEach> </table> </body> </html> ``` #### 六、总结 通过上述步骤，可以构建一个基本的Java Web图书管理系统。此系统涵盖了从数据库设计到前端展示的完整流程[^1]。 ---