分支限界法求解0-1背包问题的matlab代码
时间: 2025-05-28 18:51:42 浏览: 20
### 使用分支限界法求解0-1背包问题的MATLAB代码
以下是基于分支限界法实现的0-1背包问题解决方案。该方法通过构建子集树并利用优先队列来优化搜索过程。
#### MATLAB 实现代码
```matlab
function [bestValue, bestSubset] = branchAndBoundKnapsack(values, weights, capacity)
% 初始化变量
n = length(values);
bestValue = 0;
bestSubset = zeros(1, n);
% 定义计算上界的函数
upperBoundFunc = @(level, currentWeight, currentValue) ...
currentValue + sum(sort(values(level+1:end), 'descend')) * (capacity >= currentWeight);
% 创建初始节点
class Node
properties
level
profit
weight
bound
include
end
end
root = Node();
root.level = 0;
root.profit = 0;
root.weight = 0;
root.bound = upperBoundFunc(0, 0, 0);
root.include = [];
Q = []; % 优先队列
enqueue(Q, root);
while ~isempty(Q)
currentNode = dequeue(Q);
if currentNode.bound > bestValue
i = currentNode.level + 1;
% 构建包含第i个物品的子节点
childInclude = Node();
childInclude.level = i;
childInclude.weight = currentNode.weight + weights(i);
childInclude.profit = currentNode.profit + values(i);
childInclude.include = [currentNode.include, 1];
if childInclude.weight <= capacity && childInclude.profit > bestValue
bestValue = childInclude.profit;
bestSubset = childInclude.include;
end
childInclude.bound = upperBoundFunc(i, childInclude.weight, childInclude.profit);
if childInclude.bound > bestValue
enqueue(Q, childInclude);
end
% 构建不包含第i个物品的子节点
childExclude = Node();
childExclude.level = i;
childExclude.weight = currentNode.weight;
childExclude.profit = currentNode.profit;
childExclude.include = [currentNode.include, 0];
childExclude.bound = upperBoundFunc(i, childExclude.weight, childExclude.profit);
if childExclude.bound > bestValue
enqueue(Q, childExclude);
end
end
end
end
% 辅助函数:入队操作
function enqueue(queue, node)
queue{end+1} = node; % 将新节点加入到队列末尾
end
% 辅助函数:出队操作
function node = dequeue(queue)
node = queue{1}; % 取出第一个节点
queue(1) = []; % 删除第一个节点
end
```
此代码实现了分支限界算法的核心逻辑,其中 `upperBoundFunc` 函数用于计算当前节点的上限值[^2]。通过比较节点的界限与当前最优解的价值,可以有效地剪枝不必要的路径。
---
### 关键点说明
1. **节点定义**: 每个节点存储的信息包括其层次、利润、重量以及边界值。
2. **上下界计算**: 上界估计采用剩余未处理项的最大可能价值总和[^3]。
3. **优先队列管理**: 队列中的节点按照一定顺序排列,通常选择具有最大边界的节点作为下一个扩展目标[^4]。
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