stm32hal库spi读写w25q64

下面是使用STM32F4 HAL库进行SPI读写W25Q32的示例代码： ```c #include "stm32f4xx_hal.h" #include <string.h> /* 定义SPI接口 */ SPI_HandleTypeDef hspi1; /* 定义W25Q32的命令码 */ #define W25Q32_CMD_WRITE_ENABLE 0x06 #define W25Q32_CMD_WRITE_DISABLE 0x04 #define W25Q32_CMD_READ_STATUS_REG1 0x05 #define W25Q32_CMD_READ_STATUS_REG2 0x35 #define W25Q32_CMD_READ_DATA 0x03 #define W25Q32_CMD_PAGE_PROGRAM 0x02 #define W25Q32_CMD_ERASE_SECTOR 0x20 #define W25Q32_CMD_ERASE_CHIP 0xC7 /* 定义W25Q32的状态寄存器 */ typedef struct { uint8_t busy:1; uint8_t write_enable_latch:1; uint8_t block_protection:3; uint8_t reserved:1; uint8_t page_size:2; } w25q32_status_reg1_t; /* 初始化SPI接口 */ void MX_SPI1_Init(void) { /* SPI1 parameter configuration */ hspi1.Instance = SPI1; hspi1.Init.Mode = SPI_MODE_MASTER; hspi1.Init.Direction = SPI_DIRECTION_2LINES; hspi1.Init.DataSize = SPI_DATASIZE_8BIT; hspi1.Init.CLKPolarity = SPI_POLARITY_LOW; hspi1.Init.CLKPhase = SPI_PHASE_1EDGE; hspi1.Init.NSS = SPI_NSS_SOFT; hspi1.Init.BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BAUDRATEPRESCALER_256; hspi1.Init.FirstBit = SPI_FIRSTBIT_MSB; hspi1.Init.TIMode = SPI_TIMODE_DISABLE; hspi1.Init.CRCCalculation = SPI_CRCCALCULATION_DISABLE; hspi1.Init.CRCPolynomial = 10; if (HAL_SPI_Init(&hspi1) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } } /* 读取W25Q32的状态寄存器1 */ void w25q32_read_status_reg1(w25q32_status_reg1_t *status_reg) { uint8_t cmd = W25Q32_CMD_READ_STATUS_REG1; uint8_t data[2]; HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET); HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, &cmd, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY); HAL_SPI_Receive(&hspi1, data, sizeof(data), HAL_MAX_DELAY); HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET); status_reg->busy = (data[0] & 0x01); status_reg->write_enable_latch = ((data[0] >> 1) & 0x01); status_reg->block_protection = ((data[0] >> 2) & 0x07); status_reg->reserved = ((data[0] >> 5) & 0x01); status_reg->page_size = ((data[1] >> 6) & 0x03); } /* 写入W25Q32的状态寄存器1 */ void w25q32_write_status_reg1(w25q32_status_reg1_t *status_reg) { uint8_t cmd = W25Q32_CMD_WRITE_ENABLE; HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET); HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, &cmd, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY); HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET); cmd = W25Q32_CMD_PAGE_PROGRAM; uint8_t data[2] = {0}; data[0] |= (status_reg->busy & 0x01); data[0] |= (status_reg->write_enable_latch & 0x01) << 1; data[0] |= (status_reg->block_protection & 0x07) << 2; data[0] |= (status_reg->reserved & 0x01) << 5; data[1] |= (status_reg->page_size & 0x03) << 6; HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET); HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, &cmd, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY); HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, data, sizeof(data), HAL_MAX_DELAY); HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET); } /* 写入W25Q32的一页数据 */ void w25q32_write_page(uint32_t addr, uint8_t *data, uint32_t len) { uint8_t cmd = W25Q32_CMD_WRITE_ENABLE; HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET); HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, &cmd, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY); HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET); cmd = W25Q32_CMD_PAGE_PROGRAM; uint8_t addr_buf[3]; addr_buf[0] = (addr >> 16) & 0xFF; addr_buf[1] = (addr >> 8) & 0xFF; addr_buf[2] = addr & 0xFF; HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET); HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, &cmd, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY); HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, addr_buf, sizeof(addr_buf), HAL_MAX_DELAY); HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, data, len, HAL_MAX_DELAY); HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET); } /* 读取W25Q32的一页数据 */ void w25q32_read_page(uint32_t addr, uint8_t *data, uint32_t len) { uint8_t cmd = W25Q32_CMD_READ_DATA; uint8_t addr_buf[3]; addr_buf[0] = (addr >> 16) & 0xFF; addr_buf[1] = (addr >> 8) & 0xFF; addr_buf[2] = addr & 0xFF; HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET); HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, &cmd, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY); HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, addr_buf, sizeof(addr_buf), HAL_MAX_DELAY); HAL_SPI_Receive(&hspi1, data, len, HAL_MAX_DELAY); HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET); } /* 擦除W25Q32的一个扇区 */ void w25q32_erase_sector(uint32_t addr) { uint8_t cmd = W25Q32_CMD_WRITE_ENABLE; HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET); HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, &cmd, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY); HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET); cmd = W25Q32_CMD_ERASE_SECTOR; uint8_t addr_buf[3]; addr_buf[0] = (addr >> 16) & 0xFF; addr_buf[1] = (addr >> 8) & 0xFF; addr_buf[2] = addr & 0xFF; HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET); HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, &cmd, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY); HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, addr_buf, sizeof(addr_buf), HAL_MAX_DELAY); HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET); } /* 擦除W25Q32的整个芯片 */ void w25q32_erase_chip(void) { uint8_t cmd = W25Q32_CMD_WRITE_ENABLE; HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET); HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, &cmd, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY); HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET); cmd = W25Q32_CMD_ERASE_CHIP; HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET); HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, &cmd, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY); HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SPI_CS_GPIO_Port, SPI_CS_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET); } int main(void) { /* 初始化HAL库 */ HAL_Init(); /* 初始化SPI接口 */ MX_SPI1_Init(); /* 定义状态寄存器并读取 */ w25q32_status_reg1_t status_reg; w25q32_read_status_reg1(&status_reg); /* 写入一页数据 */ uint8_t data[256]; memset(data, 0xFF, sizeof(data)); w25q32_write_page(0x000000, data, sizeof(data)); /* 读取一页数据 */ uint8_t read_data[256]; w25q32_read_page(0x000000, read_data, sizeof(read_data)); /* 擦除一个扇区 */ w25q32_erase_sector(0x000000); /* 擦除整个芯片 */ w25q32_erase_chip(); while (1) { } } ``` 需要注意的是，上述代码中的W25Q32的命令码和状态寄存器的定义仅适用于W25Q32型号的Flash芯片，如果需要使用其他型号的Flash芯片，需要根据数据手册自行修改。同时，还需要根据实际硬件连接情况修改SPI接口的初始化代码。

### 使用 STM32 HAL 库通过 SPI 接口读写 W25Q64 #### 初始化 SPI 外设配置 为了使能 SPI 功能并初始化外设，需先设置 SPI 的工作模式、数据方向以及波特率等参数。具体操作可以通过 `MX_SPI1_Init` 函数完成，在该函数内部调用了 HAL 提供的相关 API 来设定这些属性[^1]。 ```c static void MX_SPI1_Init(void) { hspi1.Instance = SPI1; hspi1.Init.Mode = SPI_MODE_MASTER; hspi1.Init.Direction = SPI_DIRECTION_2LINES; hspi1.Init.DataSize = SPI_DATASIZE_8BIT; hspi1.Init.CLKPolarity = SPI_POLARITY_LOW; hspi1.Init.CLKPhase = SPI_PHASE_1EDGE; hspi1.Init.NSS = SPI_NSS_SOFT; hspi1.Init.BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BAUDRATEPRESCALER_16; hspi1.Init.FirstBit = SPI_FIRSTBIT_MSB; hspi1.Init.TIMode = DISABLE; hspi1.Init.CRCCalculation = DISABLE; hspi1.Init.CRCPolynomial = 7; if (HAL_SPI_Init(&hspi1) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } } ``` #### 定义辅助宏定义和全局变量 对于简化编程逻辑来说，预先声明一些用于控制片选信号（Chip Select）、延时处理以及其他常用指令的宏是非常有帮助的。此外还需要创建一个指向 SPI 句柄类型的指针以便后续访问 SPI 设备。 ```c #define W25QXX_CS_LOW() HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_4, GPIO_PIN_RESET) #define W25QXX_CS_HIGH() HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_4, GPIO_PIN_SET) extern SPI_HandleTypeDef hspi1; uint8_t buffer[256]; ``` #### 实现等待 Flash 写入完毕的功能 当向 Flash 执行擦除或写入命令之后，必须确保当前的操作已经完全结束才能继续下一步骤。下面这段代码展示了如何利用状态寄存器来判断是否还有正在进行中的写周期： ```c void BSP_W25Qxx_Wait_for_Write_End(void){ uint8_t state = 0; uint8_t cmd = W25X_ReadStatusReg; // 假定已正确定义此常量 W25QXX_CS_LOW(); // 片选有效 HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1, &cmd, 1, W25Qxx_TIMEOUT_VALUE); do { HAL_SPI_Receive(&hspi1, &state, 1, W25Qxx_TIMEOUT_VALUE); } while ((state & BUSY_FLAG) == SET); // 这里假设BUSY_FLAG已经被适当定义 W25QXX_CS_HIGH(); // 结束传输 } ``` #### 编写读取和写入扇区的具体方法 针对不同的应用场景可能需要设计专门的数据交换流程，比如按页读取或者整块擦除后再批量写入新内容。这里给出两个简单的例子说明怎样发送特定命令序列给 W25Q64 并接收响应数据流。 ##### 写入单字节到指定地址 ```c void Write_Single_Byte(uint32_t addr,uint8_t data){ uint8_t wr_cmd[]={ W25X_WriteEnable, W25X_PageProgram, (addr>>16)&0xFF,(addr>>8)&0xFF,addr&0xFF,data}; W25QXX_CS_LOW(); HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1,&wr_cmd,sizeof(wr_cmd),W25Qxx_TIMEOUT_VALUE); W25QXX_CS_HIGH(); BSP_W25Qxx_Wait_for_Write_End(); } ``` ##### 从指定位置开始连续读取多个字节 ```c void Read_Multi_Bytes(uint32_t addr,uint8_t* pBuf,uint16_t num){ uint8_t rd_cmd[]={W25X_FastReadCmd, (addr>>16)&0xFF,(addr>>8)&0xFF,addr&0xFF,DUMMY_BYTE}; W25QXX_CS_LOW(); HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi1,rd_cmd,sizeof(rd_cmd)-1,W25Qxx_TIMEOUT_VALUE); HAL_SPI_Receive(&hspi1,pBuf,num,W25Qxx_TIMEOUT_VALUE); W25QXX_CS_HIGH(); } ``` 以上就是基于 HAL 库实现 STM32 对 W25Q64 存储芯片进行基本读写操作的方法介绍[^2][^3]。