Collecting fasttext Using cached fasttext-0.9.3.tar.gz (73 kB) Installing build dependencies ... done Getting requirements to build wheel ... done Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done Collecting pybind11>=2.2 (from fasttext) Using cached pybind11-2.13.6-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (9.5 kB) Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=0.7.0 in d:\fasttextrego\fasttext_bio_glut\lib\site-packages (from fasttext) (78.1.1) Requirement already satisfied: numpy in d:\fasttextrego\fasttext_bio_glut\lib\site-packages (from fasttext) (2.0.1) Using cached pybind11-2.13.6-py3-none-any.whl (243 kB) Building wheels for collected packages: fasttext Building wheel for fasttext (pyproject.toml) ... error error: subprocess-exited-with-error × Building wheel for fasttext (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully. │ exit code: 1 ╰─> [50 lines of output] C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-boj2tm39\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py:599: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: Invalid dash-separated key 'description-file' in 'metadata' (setup.cfg), please use the underscore name 'description_file' instead. !! ******************************************************************************** Usage of dash-separated 'description-file' will not be supported in future versions. Please use the underscore name 'description_file' instead. (Affected: fasttext). By 2026-Mar-03, you need to update your project and remove deprecated calls or your builds will no longer be supported. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/declarative_config.html for details. ******************************************************************************** !! opt = self._enforce_underscore(opt, section) C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-boj2tm39\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py:759: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: License classifiers are deprecated. !! ******************************************************************************** Please consider removing the following classifiers in favor of a SPDX license expression: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License See https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/writing-pyproject-toml/#license for details. ******************************************************************************** !! self._finalize_license_expression() running bdist_wheel running build running build_py creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\fasttext copying python\fasttext_module\fasttext\FastText.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\fasttext copying python\fasttext_module\fasttext\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\fasttext creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\fasttext\util copying python\fasttext_module\fasttext\util\util.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\fasttext\util copying python\fasttext_module\fasttext\util\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\fasttext\util creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\fasttext\tests copying python\fasttext_module\fasttext\tests\test_configurations.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\fasttext\tests copying python\fasttext_module\fasttext\tests\test_script.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\fasttext\tests copying python\fasttext_module\fasttext\tests\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\fasttext\tests running build_ext building 'fasttext_pybind' extension creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-312\Release\python\fasttext_module\fasttext\pybind creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-312\Release\src "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -IC:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-boj2tm39\overlay\Lib\site-packages\pybind11\include -IC:\ Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-boj2tm39\overlay\Lib\site-packages\pybind11\include -Isrc -ID:\FastTextReGo\fasttext_bio_glut\include -ID:\FastTextReGo\fasttext_bio_glut\Include "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.10240.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\winrt" /EHsc /Tppython/fasttext_module/fasttext/pybind/fasttext_pybind.cc /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-cpython-312\Release\python\fasttext_module\fasttext\pybind\fasttext_pybind.obj /EHsc /DVERSIO N_INFO=\\\"0.9.3\\\" fasttext_pybind.cc c:\users\lenovo\appdata\local\temp\pip-install-hi0ftxzy\fasttext_d672f1ad14674ffe9f3c149b60977761\src\dictionary.h(16): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'string_view': No such file or directory error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\\VC\\BIN\\x86_amd64\\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2 [end of output] note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip. ERROR: Failed building wheel for fasttext Failed to build fasttext ERROR: Failed to build installable wheels for some pyproject.toml based projects (fasttext)
时间: 2025-07-04 17:07:20 浏览: 10
在尝试安装 `fasttext` 包时,用户可能会遇到编译错误,提示无法打开 `'string_view'` 头文件。这一问题通常与系统环境、依赖项或编译器支持有关。
### 原因分析
1. **C++标准版本不兼容**:`string_view` 是 C++17 标准中引入的特性,如果编译环境中使用的编译器默认不支持 C++17 或更高版本,则会导致该头文件缺失的问题[^1]。
2. **Python 扩展编译配置问题**:`fasttext` 的 Python 接口是通过 C++ 扩展实现的,其构建过程依赖于 `setuptools` 和 `pybind11`,若未正确配置编译选项以启用 C++17 支持,则可能无法找到相关头文件[^2]。
3. **Windows 系统上的 MSVC 编译器限制**:在 Windows 上使用较旧版本的 Microsoft Visual C++ 编译器时,可能无法自动识别 `<string_view>`,需要手动更新 Visual Studio 或安装适用于 C++17 的工具链补丁[^3]。
### 解决方案
#### 1. 更新编译器并启用 C++17 支持
确保你的系统上安装了支持 C++17 的编译器。例如:
- 在 Ubuntu 上,可安装 `g++-8` 或更高版本:
```bash
sudo apt-get install g++-8
```
安装完成后,设置默认编译器为 `g++-8`:
```bash
export CC=gcc-8
export CXX=g++-8
```
#### 2. 修改编译参数以指定 C++ 标准
编辑 `setup.py` 文件,在 `extra_compile_args` 中添加 `-std=c++17` 参数以启用 C++17 支持:
```python
ext_modules = [
Extension(
...
extra_compile_args=["-std=c++17"],
)
]
```
#### 3. 手动安装 fasttext 并指定编译器路径
从 GitHub 获取源码后,手动构建并安装:
```bash
git clone https://github.com/facebookresearch/fastText.git
cd fastText
pip install -e .
```
此命令会使用当前系统的默认编译器进行构建,若需指定特定编译器,可在运行前设置 `CC` 和 `CXX` 环境变量。
#### 4. Windows 用户额外建议
- 升级到最新版 Visual Studio(如 VS 2019 或 2022),它们原生支持 C++17。
- 若无法升级,可尝试通过 [Microsoft C++ Build Tools](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/) 安装必要的编译器组件。
#### 5. 使用预编译版本(推荐)
如果不想手动编译,可以尝试安装社区维护的预编译版本,例如使用 `conda`:
```bash
conda install -c conda-forge fasttext
```
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