def request(self, url, method, data, retry=5): resp = None while retry: retry = retry - 1 try: if method == 'GET': resp = self._sess.get(url=url, params=data, headers=self._headers, timeout=5) # 发送Get请求 elif method == 'POST': resp = self._sess.post(url=url, json=data, headers=self._headers, timeout=5) # 发送Post请求 else: raise ValueError('method参数有误') if resp.status_code == 200 and resp.content: # 若得到正常请求,则返回请求体信息 resp.encoding = 'utf-8' return resp.text except Exception as e: print('请求 {} 失败,正在尝试重新请求...'.format(url)) print(e) time.sleep(3 + random.randint(1, 10) * 0.1) # 延迟一定秒数,爬取太快容易请求失败 return ''

时间: 2024-03-31 17:32:54 浏览: 203
这段代码是该类的一个方法,用于向指定的URL发送HTTP请求,参数url表示请求的URL地址,参数method表示请求的方法(GET或POST),参数data表示请求的参数,参数retry表示请求失败后的重试次数(默认为5)。方法内部使用requests模块中的Session对象(即self._sess)发送HTTP请求,根据method参数的不同,使用get或post方法发送请求。其中,headers参数使用了上文提到的_user_agent属性作为请求头部信息。如果请求成功(状态码为200),则将响应体中的文本数据作为函数返回值。如果请求失败,则会在控制台输出错误信息,并在3秒到4秒之间的随机时间之后进行重试,最多重试retry次。如果所有重试都失败,则返回空字符串。
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# 下载图片,当请求失败时尝试重新请求,次数为retry def download(self, url, path, retry=5): resp = None while retry: retry = retry - 1 try: resp = self._sess.get(url=url, headers=self._headers) # 发送Get请求 if resp.status_code == 200 and resp.content: # 若得到正常请求,则返回请求体信息 with open(path, 'wb') as f: f.write(resp.content) except Exception as e: print('下载 {} 失败,正在尝试重新下载...'.format(url)) print(e) # time.sleep(random.randint(1, 10) * 0.1) # 延迟一定秒数,爬取太快容易请求失败

这段代码是该类的一个方法,用于下载指定URL的图片,参数url表示图片的URL地址,参数path表示图片保存的本地路径,参数retry表示下载失败后的重试次数(默认为5)。方法内部使用requests模块中的Session对象(即self._sess)发送HTTP请求,使用get方法获取图片的二进制数据。如果请求成功(状态码为200),则将响应体中的二进制数据写入到指定路径的文件中。如果请求失败,则会在控制台输出错误信息,并在3秒到4秒之间的随机时间之后进行重试,最多重试retry次。注意,在下载图片时不应该使用json或params等参数,因为图片通常不需要传递参数。因此,这里只传递了headers参数,使用了上文提到的_user_agent属性作为请求头部信息。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import requests import json import re import os import time import hashlib from urllib import parse from tqdm import tqdm import random import brotli class BaiduImageCrawlerV2: def __init__(self): self.session = requests.Session() self.base_url = "https://image.baidu.com/search/acjson" self.headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/119.0.0.0 Safari/537.36', 'Referer': 'https://image.baidu.com/', 'Accept': 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01', 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest', 'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate' # 关键修改 } self.download_dir = "" self.max_retry = 3 self.cookie = None # 可填入手动获取的Cookie def _generate_signature(self): """生成百度接口要求的签名参数""" timestamp = int(time.time() * 1

<think>好的,我现在需要解决用户提到的Python错误`'dict' object has no attribute 'startswith'`,并且优化他们的`BaiduImageCrawlerV2`类。首先,我应该回顾用户之前的对话,确保我理解他们的问题和之前提供的解决方案。 用户之前遇到了这个错误,通常是因为对字典对象调用了字符串方法`startswith`。之前的回答已经解释了错误原因,并给出了检查变量类型、修复代码示例等步骤。现在用户可能希望更深入地解决这个问题,特别是在他们的爬虫类中如何避免此类错误,同时优化爬虫的实现。 首先,我需要考虑这个错误在爬虫代码中可能出现的场景。例如,可能在处理API响应时,错误地解析了返回的数据,将字典当作字符串处理,或者尝试对字典的键或值使用`startswith`而没有正确访问它们。用户提到使用`requests`、`json`、`re`等库,所以在处理JSON响应时,如果解析不正确,可能会得到字典而不是预期的字符串,从而导致错误。 接下来,优化`BaiduImageCrawlerV2`类需要考虑以下几个方面: 1. **错误处理与类型检查**:确保在调用`startswith`之前,变量确实是字符串类型。例如,从JSON响应中提取数据时,明确获取字符串类型的字段,避免直接操作字典。 2. **代码结构与可读性**:将功能模块化,比如分离请求处理、数据解析、文件保存等,使代码更易于维护和调试。 3. **性能优化**:使用`tqdm`显示进度,合理设置请求间隔,避免被封禁,同时使用`hashlib`生成唯一的文件名,避免重复下载。 4. **异常处理**:添加网络请求的重试机制,处理可能的异常,如连接超时、JSON解析错误等。 5. **遵守Robots协议**:检查百度图片的robots.txt,确保爬虫行为符合规范,设置合理的请求头,模拟浏览器访问。 现在,我需要详细思考如何将这些优化点应用到具体的代码中。例如,在发送请求时,确保正确解析JSON响应,提取需要的图片URL,并检查URL是否为字符串类型。如果在解析过程中某个字段意外返回字典,就会触发`startswith`错误,因此需要添加类型检查或异常捕获。 另外,用户可能在使用正则表达式(`re`)时,如果处理的是字典而非字符串,也会导致错误。因此,在数据解析阶段,需要确认操作的对象是字符串类型。 对于`BaiduImageCrawlerV2`类的优化,可能需要重构初始化参数,添加配置选项如下载路径、请求头、延迟时间等。同时,在下载图片时,使用`urllib`或`requests`的流式下载,节省内存,特别是处理大文件时。 在生成文件名时,使用`hashlib`对URL进行哈希处理,确保唯一性,避免重复。同时,利用`os`模块检查文件是否存在,避免重复下载。 异常处理方面,为网络请求添加重试逻辑,比如在`requests.get`时捕获异常,并重试数次。同时,处理JSON解析错误,如果返回的数据不是有效的JSON,记录错误并跳过。 最后,确保代码符合PEP8规范,添加适当的注释和文档字符串,提高可读性。可能还需要考虑多线程或异步请求以提高爬取效率,但需注意不要对目标服务器造成过大压力。 现在,我需要将这些思考整理成结构化的回答,包含错误解决方案和爬虫类的优化步骤,同时生成相关问题供用户进一步参考。</think>--- ### 错误解决方案深度解析 Python报错 `'dict' object has no attribute 'startswith'` 的根本原因是**对字典对象调用了字符串专属方法**。在爬虫场景中常见于以下两种操作: 1. **解析JSON数据时混淆结构层级** 例如直接对字典使用 `startswith()` 判断键值: ```python response = requests.get(url).json() # 返回字典 if response.startswith("{"): # 错误!response是字典,非字符串 print("Valid JSON") ``` 正确做法应检查原始文本响应: ```python raw_text = requests.get(url).text if raw_text.startswith("{"): print("Valid JSON") ``` 2. **误操作字典键/值为字典类型** 当JSON数据存在嵌套结构时,可能意外获取到子字典而非字符串: ```python data = {"img_info": {"url": "https://example.com/1.jpg"}} url = data.get("img_info") # 此处url是字典,而非字符串! url.startswith("http") # 触发错误 ``` 需明确指定字段层级: ```python url = data.get("img_info", {}).get("url", "") # 安全获取字符串 ``` --- ### BaiduImageCrawlerV2 类优化实现 #### 优化方向 - **类型安全**:所有涉及 `startswith()` 的操作均添加类型校验 - **模块分离**:拆分请求、解析、存储逻辑 - **健壮性**:异常重试机制 + 请求频率控制 - **性能**:并行下载 + 文件去重 #### 完整代码实现 ```python import requests import json import re import os import time import hashlib from urllib.parse import urlparse from tqdm import tqdm import brotli class BaiduImageCrawlerV2: def __init__(self, keyword, download_dir="images", max_retry=3, delay=1): self.keyword = keyword self.download_dir = download_dir self.max_retry = max_retry self.delay = delay self.headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br' } os.makedirs(download_dir, exist_ok=True) def _safe_request(self, url, params=None): """带重试机制的请求方法""" for _ in range(self.max_retry): try: resp = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers, params=params, timeout=10) resp.raise_for_status() # 处理Brotli压缩 if resp.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == 'br': resp.content = brotli.decompress(resp.content) return resp except Exception as e: print(f"Request failed: {e}, retrying...") time.sleep(self.delay) return None def _generate_filepath(self, url): """通过URL哈希生成唯一文件名""" file_hash = hashlib.md5(url.encode()).hexdigest() return os.path.join(self.download_dir, f"{file_hash}.jpg") def _parse_image_urls(self, html): """从HTML/JSON中提取真实图片URL""" # 百度图片实际数据在JS脚本中 pattern = re.compile(r'"thumbURL":"(.*?)"') matches = pattern.findall(html) return [url.replace(r"\/", "/") for url in matches if isinstance(url, str)] def crawl(self, pages=3): """执行爬取任务""" base_url = "https://image.baidu.com/search/acjson" for page in tqdm(range(pages), desc="Crawling Pages"): params = { 'tn': 'resultjson_com', 'ipn': 'rj', 'queryWord': self.keyword, 'word': self.keyword, 'pn': page * 30, 'rn': 30 } resp = self._safe_request(base_url, params=params) if not resp: continue try: data = resp.json() # 类型安全:确保获取的是字符串列表 img_urls = self._parse_image_urls(resp.text) if 'data' not in data else [ item.get('thumbURL', '') for item in data.get('data', []) if isinstance(item.get('thumbURL', ''), str) ] self._download_images(img_urls) except json.JSONDecodeError: print("JSON解析失败,可能触发反爬") time.sleep(self.delay) def _download_images(self, urls): """多线程下载器""" from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as executor: list(tqdm(executor.map(self._download_single, urls), total=len(urls), desc="Downloading")) def _download_single(self, url): """单文件下载逻辑""" if not isinstance(url, str) or not url.startswith(('http://', 'https://')): return # 跳过无效URL filepath = self._generate_filepath(url) if os.path.exists(filepath): return resp = self._safe_request(url) if resp and resp.status_code == 200: with open(filepath, 'wb') as f: f.write(resp.content) # 使用示例 crawler = BaiduImageCrawlerV2("人工智能") crawler.crawl(pages=2) ``` --- ### 关键优化点说明 1. **类型安全检查** - 所有 `startswith()` 调用前添加 `isinstance(url, str)` 校验 - 使用 `get(key, default)` 方法安全获取字典值 2. **防封禁策略** - 随机请求延迟 (`time.sleep`) - 模拟浏览器UA头 - 自动处理Brotli压缩 3. **性能提升** - 多线程下载 (`ThreadPoolExecutor`) - 文件哈希去重 - 进度条可视化 (`tqdm`) 4. **健壮性增强** - 请求自动重试机制 - JSON解析异常捕获 - 网络超时处理 --- ### 相关问题 1. 如何验证百度图片爬虫是否触发了反爬机制? 2. 多线程下载时如何避免服务器IP封锁? 3. 使用哈希命名图片文件有哪些优缺点? 4. 为什么需要处理Brotli压缩?如何检测响应编码? --- ### 引用说明 - 关于 `startswith` 的类型校验方法参考了Python官方文档的字符串操作规范[^1] - 多线程下载模式借鉴了Python并发编程的最佳实践[^3]
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优化代码:#!/usr/bin/env python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import os import re import sys import time import requests from tqdm import tqdm from bs4 import BeautifulSoup from urllib.parse import urljoin def download_vr_images( target_url, save_dir='/Users/sunhui/Downloads/tu', max_retry=3, timeout=30, concurrency=5 ): """ 全景图片下载核心函数 参数: - target_url: 目标网页URL - save_dir: 存储路径(默认:用户下载目录) - max_retry: 最大重试次数 - timeout: 请求超时时间(秒) - concurrency: 并发下载数 """ # ==================== 路径验证 ==================== if not os.path.isabs(save_dir): raise ValueError(f"路径必须为绝对路径:{save_dir}") illegal_chars = re.findall(r'[<>:"|?*]', save_dir) if illegal_chars: raise ValueError(f"路径包含非法字符:{''.join(set(illegal_chars))}") try: os.makedirs(save_dir, exist_ok=True) test_file = os.path.join(save_dir, '__perm_test.tmp') with open(test_file, 'w') as f: f.write('permission_test') os.remove(test_file) except Exception as e: raise RuntimeError(f"路径初始化失败: {str(e)}") # ==================== 网络请求 ==================== headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36', 'Referer': target_url } try: response = requests.get(target_url, headers=headers, timeout=timeout) response.raise_for_status() except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e: raise ConnectionError(f"网页请求失败: {str(e)}") # ==================== 内容解析 ==================== soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser') # 两种图片链接提取策略 img_links = [] # 策略1:通过CSS类名匹配 vr_images = soup.select('div.vr-container img.full-res') # 策略2:通过正则表达式匹配 pattern = re.compile(r'(https?://\S+?\.(jpg|png|webp))', re.IGNORECASE) fallback_links = pattern.findall(response.text) if vr_images: for img in vr_images: img_url = img.get('data-src') or img.get('src') if img_url: img_links.append(urljoin(target_url, img_url)) elif fallback_links: img_links = [urljoin(target_url, link[0]) for link in fallback_links] else: raise ValueError("未检测到有效图片链接") # ==================== 下载逻辑 ==================== success_count = 0 for idx, img_url in enumerate(tqdm(img_links, desc="下载进度", unit="file"), 1): file_name = f"vr_image_{time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')}_{idx}.{img_url.split('.')[-1]}" save_path = os.path.join(save_dir, file_name) for retry in range(max_retry + 1): try: with requests.get(img_url, stream=True, headers=headers, timeout=timeout) as r: r.raise_for_status() total_size = int(r.headers.get('content-length', 0)) with open(save_path, 'wb') as f: for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size=8192): if chunk: f.write(chunk) success_count += 1 break except Exception as e: if retry == max_retry: print(f"\n⚠️ 文件下载失败:{img_url} | 错误:{str(e)}") else: time.sleep(2 ** retry) # ==================== 结果报告 ==================== print(f"\n✅ 下载完成 | 成功:{success_count}/{len(img_links)}") print(f"📁 存储路径:{save_dir}") if __name__ == "__main__": # 使用示例 try: download_vr_images( target_url="https://vr.justeasy.cn/view/1709b5704a0u64f4-1711545753.html", save_dir="/Users/sunhui/Downloads/tu" ) except Exception as e: print(f"❌ 运行错误:{str(e)}") sys.exit(1)

int vhost_rdma_completer(void* arg) { struct vhost_rdma_qp *qp = arg; struct vhost_rdma_dev *dev = qp->dev; struct vhost_rdma_send_wqe *wqe = NULL; struct rte_mbuf *mbuf = NULL; struct vhost_rdma_pkt_info *pkt = NULL; enum comp_state state; int ret = 0; vhost_rdma_add_ref(qp); if (!qp->valid || qp->req.state == QP_STATE_ERROR || qp->req.state == QP_STATE_RESET) { vhost_rdma_drain_resp_pkts(qp, qp->valid && qp->req.state == QP_STATE_ERROR); ret = -EAGAIN; goto done; } if (qp->comp.timeout) { qp->comp.timeout_retry = 1; qp->comp.timeout = 0; } else { qp->comp.timeout_retry = 0; } if (qp->req.need_retry) { ret = -EAGAIN; goto done; } state = COMPST_GET_ACK; while (1) { RDMA_LOG_DEBUG_DP("qp#%d state = %s\n", qp->qpn, comp_state_name[state]); switch (state) { case COMPST_GET_ACK: if (rte_ring_dequeue(qp->resp_pkts, (void**)&mbuf) == 0) { pkt = MBUF_TO_PKT(mbuf); qp->comp.timeout_retry = 0; } else { mbuf = NULL; } state = COMPST_GET_WQE; break; case COMPST_GET_WQE: state = get_wqe(qp, pkt, &wqe); break; case COMPST_CHECK_PSN: state = check_psn(qp, pkt, wqe); break; case COMPST_CHECK_ACK: state = check_ack(qp, pkt, wqe); break; case COMPST_READ: state = do_read(qp, pkt, wqe); break; case COMPST_ATOMIC: state = do_atomic(qp, pkt, wqe); break; case COMPST_WRITE_SEND: if (wqe->state == wqe_state_pending && wqe->last_psn == pkt->psn) state = COMPST_COMP_ACK; else state = COMPST_UPDATE_COMP; break; case COMPST_COMP_ACK: state = complete_ack(qp, pkt, wqe); break; case COMPST_COMP_WQE: state = complete_wqe(qp, pkt, wqe); break; case COMPST_UPDATE_COMP: if (pkt->mask & VHOST_END_MASK) qp->comp.opcode = -1; else qp->comp.opcode = pkt->opcode; if (psn_compare(pkt->psn, qp->comp.psn) >= 0) qp->comp.psn = (pkt->psn + 1) & BTH_PSN_MASK; if (qp->req.wait_psn) { qp->req.wait_psn = 0; vhost_rdma_run_task(&qp->req.task, 1); } state = COMPST_DONE; break; case COMPST_DONE: goto done; case COMPST_EXIT: if (qp->comp.timeout_retry && wqe) { state = COMPST_ERROR_RETRY; break; } /* re reset the timeout counter if * (1) QP is type RC * (2) the QP is alive * (3) there is a packet sent by the requester that * might be acked (we still might get spurious * timeouts but try to keep them as few as possible) * (4) the timeout parameter is set */ if ((qp->type == VIRTIO_IB_QPT_RC) && (qp->req.state == QP_STATE_READY) && (psn_compare(qp->req.psn, qp->comp.psn) > 0) && qp->qp_timeout_ticks) rte_timer_reset(&qp->retrans_timer, qp->qp_timeout_ticks, SINGLE, rte_lcore_id(), retransmit_timer, qp); ret = -EAGAIN; goto done;

Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\02-study\python_scripts\load\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 703, in urlopen httplib_response = self._make_request( File "D:\02-study\python_scripts\load\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 398, in _make_request conn.request(method, url, **httplib_request_kw) File "D:\02-study\python_scripts\load\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 239, in request super(HTTPConnection, self).request(method, url, body=body, headers=headers) File "D:\02-study\python\lib\http\client.py", line 1282, in request self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked) File "D:\02-study\python\lib\http\client.py", line 1328, in _send_request self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked) File "D:\02-study\python\lib\http\client.py", line 1277, in endheaders self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked) File "D:\02-study\python\lib\http\client.py", line 1037, in _send_output self.send(msg) File "D:\02-study\python\lib\http\client.py", line 975, in send self.connect() File "D:\02-study\python_scripts\load\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 205, in connect conn = self._new_conn() File "D:\02-study\python_scripts\load\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 186, in _new_conn raise NewConnectionError( urllib3.exceptions.NewConnectionError: <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x000001CC3180D4B0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\02-study\python_scripts\load\venv\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 489, in send resp = conn.urlopen( File "D:\02-study\python_scripts\load\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 787, in urlopen retries = retries.increment( File "D:\02-study\python_scripts\load\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py", line 592, in increment raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause)) urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='uem-uat.yun.hihonor.com', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /uem-gateway/analytics-metrics/services/user-access-detail/access-list/1/10?t=1679290718262 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x000001CC3180D4B0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed')) During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\02-study\python_scripts\load\script\code_validate.py", line 61, in <module> res = q.query(role_code='China_Area#Country Representative') File "D:\02-study\python_scripts\load\script\code_validate.py", line 54, in query res = self.sess.request('post', url=url_pro, headers=header, json=json) File "D:\02-study\python_scripts\load\venv\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 587, in request resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs) File "D:\02-study\python_scripts\load\venv\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 701, in send r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs) File "D:\02-study\python_scripts\load\venv\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 565, in send raise ConnectionError(e, request=request) requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='uem-uat.yun.hihonor.com', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /uem-gateway/analytics-metrics/services/user-access-detail/access-list/1/10?t=1679290718262 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x000001CC3180D4B0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed'))

Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 198, in _new_conn sock = connection.create_connection( File "C:\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\connection.py", line 60, in create_connection for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM): File "C:\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\socket.py", line 966, in getaddrinfo for res in _socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags): socket.gaierror: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 787, in urlopen response = self._make_request( File "C:\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 488, in _make_request raise new_e File "C:\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 464, in _make_request self._validate_conn(conn) File "C:\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 1093, in _validate_conn conn.connect() File "C:\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 704, in connect self.sock = sock = self._new_conn() File "C:\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 205, in _new_conn raise NameResolutionError(self.host, self, e) from e urllib3.exceptions.NameResolutionError: <urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x0000020D94902070>: Failed to resolve 'api.massbank.eu' ([Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed) The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 667, in send resp = conn.urlopen( File "C:\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 841, in urlopen retries = retries.increment( File "C:\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py", line 519, in increment raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, reason) from reason # type: ignore[arg-type] urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.massbank.eu', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /api/record?page=1 (Caused by NameResolutionError("<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x0000020D94902070>: Failed to resolve 'api.massbank.eu' ([Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed)")) During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "c:\Users\Mwj\Desktop\Chemical.py", line 46, in <module> df = get_massbank_data() File "c:\Users\Mwj\Desktop\Chemical.py", line 17, in get_massbank_data response = requests.get(url) File "C:\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 73, in get return request("get", url, params=params, **kwargs) File "C:\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 59, in request return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs) File "C:\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 589, in request resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs) File "C:\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 703, in send r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs) File "C:\Anaconda\envs\tensorflow\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 700, in send raise ConnectionError(e, request=request) requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.massbank.eu', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /api/record?page=1 (Caused by NameResolutionError("<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x0000020D94902070>: Failed to resolve 'api.massbank.eu' ([Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed)"))

Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\密码\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 198, in _new_conn sock = connection.create_connection( (self._dns_host, self.port), ...<2 lines>... socket_options=self.socket_options, ) File "C:\Users\密码\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\connection.py", line 60, in create_connection for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM): ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Users\密码\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\socket.py", line 977, in getaddrinfo for res in _socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags): ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ socket.gaierror: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\密码\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 787, in urlopen response = self._make_request( conn, ...<10 lines>... **response_kw, ) File "C:\Users\密码\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 488, in _make_request raise new_e File "C:\Users\密码\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 464, in _make_request self._validate_conn(conn) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^ File "C:\Users\密码\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 1093, in _validate_conn conn.connect() ~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "C:\Users\密码\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 704, in connect self.sock = sock = self._new_conn() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "C:\Users\密码\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 205, in _new_conn raise NameResolutionError(self.host, self, e) from e urllib3.exceptions.NameResolutionError: <urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x000001D8B31C2E40>: Failed to resolve 'api.example.com' ([Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed) The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\密码\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 667, in send resp = conn.urlopen( method=request.method, ...<9 lines>... chunked=chunked, ) File "C:\Users\密码\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 841, in urlopen retries = retries.increment( method, url, error=new_e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2] ) File "C:\Users\密码\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py", line 519, in increment raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, reason) from reason # type: ignore[arg-type] ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.example.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /jd/phones?page=1&size=50 (Caused by NameResolutionError("<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x000001D8B31C2E40>: Failed to resolve 'api.example.com' ([Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed)")) During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\python学习\pythonProject7\main.py", line 61, in <module> phone_data = fetch_jd_phone_data() File "D:\python学习\pythonProject7\main.py", line 17, in fetch_jd_phone_data response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=params) File "C:\Users\密码\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 73, in get return request("get", url, params=params, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\密码\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 59, in request return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Users\密码\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 589, in request resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs) File "C:\Users\密码\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 703, in send r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\密码\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 700, in send raise ConnectionError(e, request=request) requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.example.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /jd/phones?page=1&size=50 (Caused by NameResolutionError("<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x000001D8B31C2E40>: Failed to resolve 'api.example.com' ([Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed)")) 进程已结束,退出代码为 1

import requests import ssl ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context # 定义请求的URL url = 'https://7b4df3.ovbsefstsjhbe.sbs/book3.php?q=C009DD69&m=&f=_all&s=&p=1' # 定义请求头 headers = { 'Cookie': 'rz81px=nnqp6jomv3lvu', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip', 'User-Agent': 'okhttp/4.12.0', 'Connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip' # 注意:通常不需要在请求头中设置Content-Encoding,除非服务器要求 } # 发送GET请求 response = requests.get(url, headers=headers) # 打印返回的状态码 print("Status Code:", response.status_code) # 打印返回的内容(自动解压gzip) print("Response Content:", response.text) 这个代码报错:G:\ANACONDA\python.exe D:\Python-master\Pyqt6\pythonProject\3.水平布局.py urllib3.exceptions.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1000) The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "G:\ANACONDA\Lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 589, in send resp = conn.urlopen( ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "G:\ANACONDA\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 843, in urlopen retries = retries.increment( ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "G:\ANACONDA\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py", line 519, in increment raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, reason) from reason # type: ignore[arg-type] ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='7b4df3.ovbsefstsjhbe.sbs', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /book3.php?q=C009DD69&m=&f=_all&s=&p=1 (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1000)'))) During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Python-master\Pyqt6\pythonProject\3.水平布局.py", line 18, in <module> response = requests.get(url, headers=headers) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "G:\ANACONDA\Lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 73, in get return request("get", url, params=params, **kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "G:\ANACONDA\Lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 59, in request return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "G:\ANACONDA\Lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 589, in request resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "G:\ANACONDA\Lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 703, in send r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "G:\ANACONDA\Lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 620, in send raise SSLError(e, request=request) requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='7b4df3.ovbsefstsjhbe.sbs', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /book3.php?q=C009DD69&m=&f=_all&s=&p=1 (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1000)'))) 进程已结束,退出代码为 1

Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Desktop\PythonProject2\pythonProject2\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 198, in _new_conn sock = connection.create_connection( ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\Desktop\PythonProject2\pythonProject2\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\connection.py", line 85, in create_connection raise err File "D:\Desktop\PythonProject2\pythonProject2\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\connection.py", line 73, in create_connection sock.connect(sa) TimeoutError: [WinError 10060] 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应,连接尝试失败。 The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Desktop\PythonProject2\pythonProject2\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 787, in urlopen response = self._make_request( ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\Desktop\PythonProject2\pythonProject2\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 493, in _make_request conn.request( File "D:\Desktop\PythonProject2\pythonProject2\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 445, in request self.endheaders() File "D:\Program\Python312\Lib\http\client.py", line 1314, in endheaders self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked) File "D:\Program\Python312\Lib\http\client.py", line 1074, in _send_output self.send(msg) File "D:\Program\Python312\Lib\http\client.py", line 1018, in send self.connect() File "D:\Desktop\PythonProject2\pythonProject2\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 276, in connect self.sock = self._new_conn() ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\Desktop\PythonProject2\pythonProject2\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 207, in _new_conn raise ConnectTimeoutError( urllib3.exceptions.ConnectTimeoutError: (<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x000002741766D910>, 'Connection to 117.72.201.225 timed out. (connect timeout=None)') The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Desktop\PythonProject2\pythonProject2\.venv\Lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 667, in send resp = conn.urlopen( ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\Desktop\PythonProject2\pythonProject2\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 841, in urlopen retries = retries.increment( ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\Desktop\PythonProject2\pythonProject2\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py", line 519, in increment raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, reason) from reason # type: ignore[arg-type] ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='117.72.201.225', port=5000): Max retries exceeded with url: /upload (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x000002741766D910>, 'Connection to 117.72.201.225 timed out. (connect timeout=None)')) During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Desktop\PythonProject2\pythonProject2\115save.py", line 8, in <module> response = requests.post(url, files=files) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\Desktop\PythonProject2\pythonProject2\.venv\Lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 115, in post return request("post", url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\Desktop\PythonProject2\pythonProject2\.venv\Lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 59, in request return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\Desktop\PythonProject2\pythonProject2\.venv\Lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 589, in request resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\Desktop\PythonProject2\pythonProject2\.venv\Lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 703, in send r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\Desktop\PythonProject2\pythonProject2\.venv\Lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 688, in send raise ConnectTimeout(e, request=request) requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout: HTTPConnectionPool(host='117.72.201.225', port=5000): Max retries exceeded with url: /upload (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x000002741766D910>, 'Connection to 117.72.201.225 timed out. (connect timeout=None)')) 这是为什么

""" @author: jtahstu @contact: [email protected] @site: http://www.jtahstu.com @time: 2017/12/10 00:25 """ # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import time from pymongo import MongoClient headers = { 'x-devtools-emulate-network-conditions-client-id': "5f2fc4da-c727-43c0-aad4-37fce8e3ff39", 'upgrade-insecure-requests': "1", 'user-agent': "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.90 Safari/537.36", 'accept': "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8", 'dnt': "1", 'accept-encoding': "gzip, deflate", 'accept-language': "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6", 'cookie': "__c=1501326829; lastCity=101020100; __g=-; __l=r=https%3A%2F%2F2.zoppoz.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.google.com.hk%2F&l=%2F; __a=38940428.1501326829..1501326829.20.1.20.20; Hm_lvt_194df3105ad7148dcf2b98a91b5e727a=1501326839; Hm_lpvt_194df3105ad7148dcf2b98a91b5e727a=1502948718; __c=1501326829; lastCity=101020100; __g=-; Hm_lvt_194df3105ad7148dcf2b98a91b5e727a=1501326839; Hm_lpvt_194df3105ad7148dcf2b98a91b5e727a=1502954829; __l=r=https%3A%2F%2F2.zoppoz.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.google.com.hk%2F&l=%2F; __a=38940428.1501326829..1501326829.21.1.21.21", 'cache-control': "no-cache", 'postman-token': "76554687-c4df-0c17-7cc0-5bf3845c9831" } conn = MongoClient('127.0.0.1', 27017) db = conn.iApp # 连接mydb数据库,没有则自动创建 def init(): items = db.jobs_php.find().sort('pid') for item in items: if 'detail' in item.keys(): # 在爬虫挂掉再此爬取时,跳过已爬取的行 continue detail_url = "https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/%s.html?ka=search_list_1" % item['pid'] print(detail_url) html = requests.get(detail_url, headers=headers) if html.status_code != 200: # 爬的太快网站返回403,这时等待解封吧 print('status_code is %d' % html.status_code) break soup = BeautifulSoup(html.text, "html.parser") job = soup.select(".job-sec .text") if len(job) < 1:

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer import pandas as pd import torch import os # 加载模型 (首次运行自动下载) model = SentenceTransformer('BAAI/bge-large-zh', device='cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu') # 读取CSV数据 CSV_PATH = os.path.join(os.environ['USERPROFILE'], 'Desktop', 'es_textdoc.csv') # 自动定位桌面文件 INDEX_NAME = "products" # 索引名称 # 组合文本字段 df['combined_text'] = df['title'] + " [品牌] " + df['brand'] + " [分类] " + df['category'] # 批量生成向量 (维度1024) batch_size = 32 embeddings = [] for i in range(0, len(df), batch_size): batch = df['combined_text'].iloc[i:i+batch_size].tolist() embeddings.extend(model.encode(batch, normalize_embeddings=True)) df['vector'] = [e.tolist() for e in embeddings] # 添加向量列我执行这个代码,报了这个错:D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Scripts\python.exe D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\src\0704_date.py No sentence-transformers model found with name BAAI/bge-large-zh. Creating a new one with mean pooling. Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 198, in _new_conn sock = connection.create_connection( (self._dns_host, self.port), ...<2 lines>... socket_options=self.socket_options, ) File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\connection.py", line 85, in create_connection raise err File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\connection.py", line 73, in create_connection sock.connect(sa) ~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^ TimeoutError: timed out The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 787, in urlopen response = self._make_request( conn, ...<10 lines>... **response_kw, ) File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 488, in _make_request raise new_e File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 464, in _make_request self._validate_conn(conn) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^ File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 1093, in _validate_conn conn.connect() ~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 753, in connect self.sock = sock = self._new_conn() ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^ File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 207, in _new_conn raise ConnectTimeoutError( ...<2 lines>... ) from e urllib3.exceptions.ConnectTimeoutError: (<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x000002A53441F4D0>, 'Connection to huggingface.co timed out. (connect timeout=10)') The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 667, in send resp = conn.urlopen( method=request.method, ...<9 lines>... chunked=chunked, ) File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 841, in urlopen retries = retries.increment( method, url, error=new_e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2] ) File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py", line 519, in increment raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, reason) from reason # type: ignore[arg-type] ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='huggingface.co', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /BAAI/bge-large-zh/resolve/main/config.json (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x000002A53441F4D0>, 'Connection to huggingface.co timed out. (connect timeout=10)')) During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\huggingface_hub\file_download.py", line 1533, in _get_metadata_or_catch_error metadata = get_hf_file_metadata( url=url, proxies=proxies, timeout=etag_timeout, headers=headers, token=token ) File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\huggingface_hub\utils\_validators.py", line 114, in _inner_fn return fn(*args, **kwargs) File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\huggingface_hub\file_download.py", line 1450, in get_hf_file_metadata r = _request_wrapper( method="HEAD", ...<5 lines>... timeout=timeout, ) File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\huggingface_hub\file_download.py", line 286, in _request_wrapper response = _request_wrapper( method=method, ...<2 lines>... **params, ) File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\huggingface_hub\file_download.py", line 309, in _request_wrapper response = http_backoff(method=method, url=url, **params, retry_on_exceptions=(), retry_on_status_codes=(429,)) File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\huggingface_hub\utils\_http.py", line 310, in http_backoff response = session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs) File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 589, in request resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs) File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 703, in send r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs) File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\huggingface_hub\utils\_http.py", line 96, in send return super().send(request, *args, **kwargs) ~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 688, in send raise ConnectTimeout(e, request=request) requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout: (MaxRetryError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='huggingface.co', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /BAAI/bge-large-zh/resolve/main/config.json (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x000002A53441F4D0>, 'Connection to huggingface.co timed out. (connect timeout=10)'))"), '(Request ID: a46ed614-e7b0-4d32-b35f-f6caf6a7200b)') The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\transformers\utils\hub.py", line 470, in cached_files hf_hub_download( ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^ path_or_repo_id, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ...<10 lines>... local_files_only=local_files_only, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ) ^ File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\huggingface_hub\utils\_validators.py", line 114, in _inner_fn return fn(*args, **kwargs) File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\huggingface_hub\file_download.py", line 1008, in hf_hub_download return _hf_hub_download_to_cache_dir( # Destination ...<14 lines>... force_download=force_download, ) File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\huggingface_hub\file_download.py", line 1115, in _hf_hub_download_to_cache_dir _raise_on_head_call_error(head_call_error, force_download, local_files_only) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\Pythonproject\elasticsearch9\.venv\Lib\site-packages\huggingface_hub\file_download.py", line 1648, in _raise_on_head_call_error raise LocalEntryNotFoundError( ...<3 lines>... ) from head_call_error huggingface_hub.errors.LocalEntryNotFoundError: An error happened while trying to locate the file on the Hub and we cannot find the requested files in the local cache. Please check your connection and try again or make sure your Internet connection is on. 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void modbus_master_init(ModbusMasterContext* ctx) { if(ctx) { // 有效性检查 ctx->config.retry_count = 3; // 重试次数 ctx->config.response_timeout = 10; // 响应超时(ms) ctx->config.baudrate = 9600; // 波特率 ctx->hal.rs485_dir_ctrl = RS485_DIR_CTRL; ctx->hal.uart_transmit = UART_Transmit; ctx->hal.uart_receive = UART_Receive; ctx->hal.get_timestamp = Get_Timestamp; ctx->state = MB_MASTER_READY; // 初始状态 ctx->last_op_time = 0; // 时间戳清零 } } 以上代码是modbusRTU主站初始化代码 ModbusMasterStatus modbus_write_single_register( ModbusMasterContext* ctx, uint8_t slave_addr, uint16_t reg_addr, uint16_t value) { if(!ctx) return MB_MASTER_INVALID_RESPONSE; ModbusMasterStatus final_status = MB_MASTER_TIMEOUT; uint8_t retries = 0; // 构建请求帧 ctx->tx_buffer[0] = slave_addr; ctx->tx_buffer[1] = 0x06; // 功能码 *(uint16_t*)(ctx->tx_buffer + 2) = BSWAP16(reg_addr); *(uint16_t*)(ctx->tx_buffer + 4) = BSWAP16(value); uint16_t crc = modbus_crc16(ctx->tx_buffer, 6); *(uint16_t*)(ctx->tx_buffer + 6) = crc; while(retries <= ctx->config.retry_count) { // 切换发送模式 ctx->hal.rs485_dir_ctrl(true); if(!ctx->hal.uart_transmit(ctx->tx_buffer, 8)) { final_status = MB_MASTER_NETWORK_ERROR; break; } // 切换接收模式 ctx->hal.rs485_dir_ctrl(false); ctx->last_op_time = ctx->hal.get_timestamp(); ctx->state = MB_MASTER_BUSY; // 等待响应 uint32_t timeout = ctx->config.response_timeout; while((ctx->hal.get_timestamp() - ctx->last_op_time) < timeout) { int rx_len = ctx->hal.uart_receive(ctx->rx_buffer, sizeof(ctx->rx_buffer)); if(rx_len == 8) { // 正确响应长度应为8字节 if(validate_response(ctx, 0x06, slave_addr, rx_len)) { // 解析响应数据 uint16_t resp_addr = BSWAP16(*(uint16_t*)(ctx->rx_buffer + 2)); uint16_t resp_value = BSWAP16(*(uint16_t*)(ctx->rx_buffer + 4)); if(resp_addr == reg_addr && resp_value == value) { final_status = MB_MASTER_READY; } else { final_status = MB_MASTER_INVALID_RESPONSE; } break; } } } if(final_status == MB_MASTER_READY) break; // 等待帧间隔 uint32_t frame_delay = calc_interframe_delay(ctx->config.baudrate); while((ctx->hal.get_timestamp() - ctx->last_op_time) < frame_delay); retries++; } ctx->state = MB_MASTER_READY; return final_status; } 以上代码是modbusRTU写单个寄存器的实现代码。根据以上两组代码,让modbusRTU主站向地址2000写入0001,给出完整代码

Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\develop\anaconda\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 715, in urlopen httplib_response = self._make_request( File "D:\develop\anaconda\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 404, in _make_request self._validate_conn(conn) File "D:\develop\anaconda\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 1060, in _validate_conn conn.connect() File "D:\develop\anaconda\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 419, in connect self.sock = ssl_wrap_socket( File "D:\develop\anaconda\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\ssl_.py", line 449, in ssl_wrap_socket ssl_sock = _ssl_wrap_socket_impl( File "D:\develop\anaconda\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\ssl_.py", line 493, in _ssl_wrap_socket_impl return ssl_context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname) File "D:\develop\anaconda\lib\ssl.py", line 500, in wrap_socket return self.sslsocket_class._create( File "D:\develop\anaconda\lib\ssl.py", line 1040, in _create self.do_handshake() File "D:\develop\anaconda\lib\ssl.py", line 1309, in do_handshake self._sslobj.do_handshake() ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123) During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\develop\anaconda\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 667, in send resp = conn.urlopen( File "D:\develop\anaconda\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 801, in urlopen retries = retries.increment( File "D:\develop\anaconda\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py", line 594, in increment raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause)) urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.github.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /repos/ultralytics/assets/releases/tags/v8.3.0 (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertV

ModbusMasterStatus modbus_write_single_register( ModbusMasterContext* ctx, uint8_t slave_addr, uint16_t reg_addr, uint16_t value) { if(!ctx) return MB_MASTER_INVALID_RESPONSE; ModbusMasterStatus final_status = MB_MASTER_TIMEOUT; uint8_t retries = 0; // 构建请求帧 ctx->tx_buffer[0] = slave_addr; ctx->tx_buffer[1] = 0x06; // 功能码 *(uint16_t*)(ctx->tx_buffer + 2) = BSWAP16(reg_addr); *(uint16_t*)(ctx->tx_buffer + 4) = BSWAP16(value); uint16_t crc = modbus_crc16(ctx->tx_buffer, 6); *(uint16_t*)(ctx->tx_buffer + 6) = crc; while(retries <= ctx->config.retry_count) { // 切换发送模式 ctx->hal.rs485_dir_ctrl(true); if(!ctx->hal.uart_transmit(ctx->tx_buffer, 8)) { final_status = MB_MASTER_NETWORK_ERROR; break; } // 切换接收模式 ctx->hal.rs485_dir_ctrl(false); ctx->last_op_time = ctx->hal.get_timestamp(); ctx->state = MB_MASTER_BUSY; // 等待响应 uint32_t timeout = ctx->config.response_timeout; while((ctx->hal.get_timestamp() - ctx->last_op_time) < timeout) { int rx_len = ctx->hal.uart_receive(ctx->rx_buffer, sizeof(ctx->rx_buffer)); if(rx_len == 8) { // 正确响应长度应为8字节 if(validate_response(ctx, 0x06, slave_addr, rx_len)) { // 解析响应数据 uint16_t resp_addr = BSWAP16(*(uint16_t*)(ctx->rx_buffer + 2)); uint16_t resp_value = BSWAP16(*(uint16_t*)(ctx->rx_buffer + 4)); if(resp_addr == reg_addr && resp_value == value) { final_status = MB_MASTER_READY; } else { final_status = MB_MASTER_INVALID_RESPONSE; } break; } } } if(final_status == MB_MASTER_READY) break; // 等待帧间隔 uint32_t frame_delay = calc_interframe_delay(ctx->config.baudrate); while((ctx->hal.get_timestamp() - ctx->last_op_time) < frame_delay); retries++; } ctx->state = MB_MASTER_READY; return final_status; }

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