Robert is a famous engineer. One day he was given a task by his boss. The background of the task was the following: Given a map consisting of square blocks. There were three kinds of blocks: Wall, Grass, and Empty. His boss wanted to place as many robots as possible in the map. Each robot held a laser weapon which could shoot to four directions (north, east, south, west) simultaneously. A robot had to stay at the block where it was initially placed all the time and to keep firing all the time. The laser beams certainly could pass the grid of Grass, but could not pass the grid of Wall. A robot could only be placed in an Empty block. Surely the boss would not want to see one robot hurting another. In other words, two robots must not be placed in one line (horizontally or vertically) unless there is a Wall between them. Now that you are such a smart programmer and one of Robert's best friends, He is asking you to help him solving this problem. That is, given the description of a map, compute the maximum number of robots that can be placed in the map. Input The first line contains an integer T (<= 11) which is the number of test cases. For each test case, the first line contains two integers m and n (1<= m, n <=50) which are the row and column sizes of the map. Then m lines follow, each contains n characters of '#', '', or 'o' which represent Wall, Grass, and Empty, respectively. Output For each test case, first output the case number in one line, in the format: "Case :id" where id is the test case number, counting from 1. In the second line just output the maximum number of robots that can be placed in that map.

Problem Statement Takahashi aggregated usage records from ticket gates. However, he accidentally erased some records of entering and exiting stations. He is trying to restore the erased records. You are given a string S consisting of i and o. We want to insert zero or more characters at arbitrary positions in S so that the resulting string satisfies the following conditions: Its length is even, and every odd-numbered (1st, 3rd, ...) character is i while every even-numbered (2nd, 4th, ...) character is o. Find the minimum number of characters that need to be inserted. It can be proved under the constraints of this problem that by inserting an appropriate finite number of characters, S can be made to satisfy the conditions. Constraints S is a string of length between 1 and 100, consisting of i and o. Input The input is given from Standard Input in the following format: S Output Print the answer. Sample Input 1 Copy ioi Sample Output 1 Copy 1 We can insert o after the 3rd character to form ioio to satisfy the conditions. The conditions cannot be satisfied by inserting zero or fewer characters. Sample Input 2 Copy iioo Sample Output 2 Copy 2 We can insert o after the 1st character and i after the 3rd character to satisfy the conditions. The conditions cannot be satisfied by inserting one or fewer characters. Sample Input 3 Copy io Sample Output 3 Copy 0 S already satisfies the conditions.请翻译

a. 如果当前原字符等于目标位置j的期望字符，则保留该字符，i和j都加1。 b. 如果不匹配，则需要插入一个期望字符，此时插入次数加1，j加1，i不变（因为原字符还未处理）。 4. 继续直到原字符串处理完毕，此时...

1. PermCheck Check whether array A is a permutation. Task Score 70% Correctness 80% Performance 60% A non-empty array A consisting of N integers is given. A permutation is a sequence containing each element from 1 to N once, and only once. For example, array A such that: A[0] = 4 A[1] = 1 A[2] = 3 A[3] = 2 is a permutation, but array A such that: A[0] = 4 A[1] = 1 A[2] = 3 is not a permutation, because value 2 is missing. The goal is to check whether array A is a permutation. Write a function: class Solution { public int solution(int[] A); } that, given an array A, returns 1 if array A is a permutation and 0 if it is not. For example, given array A such that: A[0] = 4 A[1] = 1 A[2] = 3 A[3] = 2 the function should return 1. Given array A such that: A[0] = 4 A[1] = 1 A[2] = 3 the function should return 0. Write an efficient algorithm for the following assumptions: N is an integer within the range [1..100,000]; each element of array A is an integer within the range [1..1,000,000,000].

给定一个由N个整数组成的非空数组A，判断A是否为一个排列。排列是一个序列，其中包含1到N的每个元素，每个元素恰好出现一次。如果是排列，返回1，否则返回0。解题思路：题目要求判断一个数组是否为排列，也...

用c++解决下述问题：描述 Some words have power. It can make a string containing it become more powerful (larger weight). The weight of a word in a string is defined as the number of its occurences in the string multiplied by its value, while the weight of the string is defined as the sum of all words' weights. Given some words with their values, you should output the string consisting of these words which make the string's weight maximal. 输入 The input consists of multiple test cases. The first line of the input is an integer T, indicating the number of the test cases. Each test case starts with a line consisting of two integers: N and M, indicating the string's maximum length and the number of the words. Each of the following M lines consists of a word Wi. The last line of each test case consists of M integers, while the i-th number indicates the value Vi of Wi. Technical Specification: 1. T ≤ 15 2. 0 < N ≤ 50, 0 < M ≤ 100. 3. The length of each word is less than 11 and bigger than 0. 4. 1 ≤ Vi ≤ 100. 5. All the words in the input are different. 6. All the words just consist of 'a' - 'z'. 输出 For each test case, output the string which has the maximal weight in a single line.If there are multiple answers, output the shortest one. If there are still multiple answers, output the smallest one in lexicographical order. The answer may be an empty string.

这道题需要使用动态规划来解决。我们可以定义dp[i]表示长度为i的字符串的最大权值，它可以通过枚举最后一个单词得到。具体地，我们枚举最后一个单词为Wi，那么dp[i]就可以由dp[i-len(Wi)] + Vi得到，其中len(Wi)表示...

friend of you is doing research on the Traveling Knight Problem (TKP) where you are to find the shortest closed tour of knight moves that visits each square of a given set of n squares on a chessboard exactly once. He thinks that the most difficult part of the problem is determining the smallest number of knight moves between two given squares and that, once you have accomplished this, finding the tour would be easy. Of course you know that it is vice versa. So you offer him to write a program that solves the "difficult" part. Your job is to write a program that takes two squares a and b as input and then determines the number of knight moves on a shortest route from a to b. Input Specification The input file will contain one or more test cases. Each test case consists of one line containing two squares separated by one space. A square is a string consisting of a letter (a-h) representing the column and a digit (1-8) representing the row on the chessboard. Output Specification For each test case, print one line saying "To get from xx to yy takes n knight moves.".

Sure, I can write a program that solves the "difficult" part of the TKP. Here's an implementation in Python: python # Define a function to convert a square string to a tuple of coordinates def ...

Your computer has a keyboard with three keys: 'a' key, Shift key, and Caps Lock key. The Caps Lock key has a light on it. Initially, the light on the Caps Lock key is off, and the screen shows an empty string. You can do the following three actions any number of times in any order: Spend X milliseconds to press only the 'a' key. If the light on the Caps Lock key is off, a is appended to the string on the screen; if it is on, A is. Spend Y milliseconds to press the 'a' key and Shift key simultaneously. If the light on the Caps Lock key is off, A is appended to the string on the screen; if it is on, a is. Spend Z milliseconds to press the Caps Lock key. If the light on the Caps Lock key is off, it turns on; if it is on, it turns off. Given a string S consisting of A and a, determine at least how many milliseconds you need to spend to make the string shown on the screen equal to S.c++代码

Here's a possible C++ implementation of the algorithm I described earlier: #include #include using namespace std; int main() { int X, Y, Z; string S; // read input cin >> X >> Y >> Z >> ...

用C++编写程序，实现以下问题2、题目ID Codes（POJ1146） Time Limit: 1000MS Memory Limit: 10000K 描述： It is 2084 and the year of Big Brother has finally arrived, albeit a century late. In order to exercise greater control over its citizens and thereby to counter a chronic breakdown in law and order, the Government decides on a radical measure--all citizens are to have a tiny microcomputer surgically implanted in their left wrists. This computer will contains all sorts of personal information as well as a transmitter which will allow people's movements to be logged and monitored by a central computer. (A desirable side effect of this process is that it will shorten the dole queue for plastic surgeons.) An essential component of each computer will be a unique identification code, consisting of up to 50 characters drawn from the 26 lower case letters. The set of characters for any given code is chosen somewhat haphazardly. The complicated way in which the code is imprinted into the chip makes it much easier for the manufacturer to produce codes which are rearrangements of other codes than to produce new codes with a different selection of letters. Thus, once a set of letters has been chosen all possible codes derivable from it are used before changing the set. For example, suppose it is decided that a code will contain exactly 3 occurrences of a', 2 of b' and 1 of c', then three of the allowable 60 codes under these conditions are: abaabc abaacb ababac These three codes are listed from top to bottom in alphabetic order. Among all codes generated with this set of characters, these codes appear consecutively in this order. Write a program to assist in the issuing of these identification codes. Your program will accept a sequence of no more than 50 lower case letters (which may contain repeated characters) and print the successor code if one exists or the message No Successor' if the given code is the last in the sequence for that set of characters. 输入： Input will consist of a series of lines each containing a string representing a code. The entire file will be terminated by a line consisting of a single #. 输出： Output will consist of one line for each code read containing the successor code or the words 'No Successor'. 样例输入 abaacb cbbaa # 样例输出 ababac No Successor

以下是使用C++编写的程序，可以解决该问题： c++ #include #include #include using namespace std; int main() ... while(cin >> str && str[0] !... if(next_permutation(str, str + strlen(str))) ...

A string consisting of lowercase English letters, (, and ) is said to be a good string if you can make it an empty string by the following procedure: First, remove all lowercase English letters. Then, repeatedly remove consecutive () while possible. For example, ((a)ba) is a good string, because removing all lowercase English letters yields (()), from which we can remove consecutive () at the 2-nd and 3-rd characters to obtain (), which in turn ends up in an empty string. You are given a good string S. We denote by S i the i-th character of S. For each lowercase English letter a, b, …, and z, we have a ball with the letter written on it. Additionally, we have an empty box. For each i=1,2, … ,∣S∣ in this order, Takahashi performs the following operation unless he faints. If S i is a lowercase English letter, put the ball with the letter written on it into the box. If the ball is already in the box, he faints. If S i is (, do nothing. If S i is ), take the maximum integer j less than i such that the j-th through i-th characters of S form a good string. (We can prove that such an integer j always exists.) Take out from the box all the balls that he has put in the j-th through i-th operations. Determine if Takahashi can complete the sequence of operations without fainting.用cpp解决

例如，((a)ba)是一个好的字符串，因为删除所有小写英文字母后得到(())，从中我们可以在第2和第3个字符处删除连续的()以获得()，而后者最终变为空字符串。您将得到一个好的字符串S。我们用S i 表示S的第i个字符。对于...

用C++解决On an 8×8 grid of dots, a word consisting of lowercase Latin letters is written vertically in one column, from top to bottom. What is it? Input The input consists of multiple test cases. The first line of the input contains a single integer t (1≤t≤1000 ) — the number of test cases. Each test case consists of 8 lines, each containing 8 characters. Each character in the grid is either . (representing a dot) or a lowercase Latin letter (a –z ). The word lies entirely in a single column and is continuous from the beginning to the ending (without gaps). See the sample input for better understanding. Output For each test case, output a single line containing the word made up of lowercase Latin letters (a –z ) that is written vertically in one column from top to bottom. Example inputCopy 5 ........ ........ ........ ........ ...i.... ........ ........ ........ ........ .l...... .o...... .s...... .t...... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ......t. ......h. ......e. ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .......g .......a .......m .......e a....... a....... a....... a....... a....... a....... a....... a....... outputCopy i lost the game aaaaaaaa

Here's a C++ code that solves the problem: cpp #include #include #include using namespace std; int main() { int t; cin >> t; while (t--) { vector<string> grid(8); for (int i = 0; i ; i...

Write a program that counts the occurrences of words in a text and displays the words and their occurrences in alphabetical order of words. The program uses a TreeMap to store an entry consisting a word and its count. For each word, check whether it is already a key in the map. If not, add to the map an entry with the word as the key and value 1. Otherwise, increase the value for the word (key) by 1 in the map. Assume the words are case insensitive. e.g. Good is treated the same as good. (Tip: use the split method to split a string into words)

Sure, here's a Java program that counts the occurrences of words in a text and displays them in alphabetical order: java import java.util.Scanner; import java.util.TreeMap; public class ...

Two characters and are called similar characters if and only if one of the following conditions is satisfied: x y x and are the same character. y One of and is and the other is . x y1l One of and is and the other is . x y0o Two strings and , each of length , are called similar strings if and only if: S T N for all , the -th character of and the -th character of are similar characters. i (1≤i≤N) i S i T Given two length- strings and consisting of lowercase English letters and digits, determine if and are similar strings. N S T S T

Notice that the number 123456789 is a 9-digit number consisting exactly the numbers from 1 to 9, with no duplication. Double it we will obtain 246913578, which happens to be another 9-digit number consisting exactly the numbers from 1 to 9, only in a different permutation. Check to see the result if we double it again! Now you are suppose to check if there are more numbers with this property. That is, double a given number with k digits, you are to tell if the resulting number consists of only a permutation of the digits in the original number. Input Specification: Each input contains one test case. Each case contains one positive integer with no more than 19 digits. Output Specification: For each test case, first print in a line "Yes" if doubling the input number gives a number that consists of only a permutation of the digits in the original number, or "No" if not. Then in the next line, print the doubled number. Sample Input: 1234567899 Sample Output: Yes 2469135798

首先，我们需要将输入的数转换成字符串，并计算出它的长度。接着，我们将该数乘以2，再将结果转换成字符串，并且将它的长度与原始字符串的长度进行比较。如果长度不同，那么乘以2得到的数字肯定不是原始数字的排列。...

B. Serval and Final MEX time limit per test1 second memory limit per test256 megabytes You are given an array a consisting of n≥4 non-negative integers. You need to perform the following operation on a until its length becomes 1 : Select two indices l and r (1≤l<r≤|a| ), and replace the subarray [al,al+1,…,ar] with a single integer mex([al,al+1,…,ar]) , where mex(b) denotes the minimum excluded (MEX)∗ of the integers in b . In other words, let x=mex([al,al+1,…,ar]) , the array a will become [a1,a2,…,al−1,x,ar+1,ar+2,…,a|a|] . Note that the length of a decreases by (r−l) after this operation. Serval wants the final element in a to be 0 . Help him! More formally, you have to find a sequence of operations, such that after performing these operations in order, the length of a becomes 1 , and the final element in a is 0 . It can be shown that at least one valid operation sequence exists under the constraints of the problem, and the length of any valid operation sequence does not exceed n . Note that you do not need to minimize the number of operations. ∗ The minimum excluded (MEX) of a collection of integers b1,b2,…,bk is defined as the smallest non-negative integer x which does not occur in the collection b . Input Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1≤t≤1000 ). The description of the test cases follows. The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (4≤n≤5000 ) — the length of the array a . The second line contains n integers a1,a2,…,an (0≤ai≤n ) — the elements of the array a . It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 5000 . Output For each test case, output a single integer k (0≤k≤n ) in the first line of output — the length of the operation sequence. Then, output k lines, the i -th line containing two integers li and ri (1≤li<ri≤|a| ) — the two indices you choose in the i -th operation, where |a| denotes the length of the array be

好的，我现在需要解决的问题是：如何通过计算MEX值对数组进行缩减操作，使得最后只剩下一个元素且该元素为0。用户要求具体的操作步骤。首先，我得先理解什么是MEX值，然后弄清楚缩减操作的规则。...

You are given two arrays a and b both of length n. You will merge† these arrays forming another array c of length 2⋅n. You have to find the maximum length of a subarray consisting of equal values across all arrays c that could be obtained. † A merge of two arrays results in an array c composed by successively taking the first element of either array (as long as that array is nonempty) and removing it. After this step, the element is appended to the back of c. We repeat this operation as long as we can (i.e. at least one array is nonempty). Input Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line of input contains a single integer t (1≤t≤104) — the number of test cases. The description of test cases follows. The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (1≤n≤2⋅105) — the length of the array a and b. The second line of each test case contains n integers a1,a2,…,an (1≤ai≤2⋅n) — the elements of array a. The third line of each test case contains n integers b1,b2,…,bn (1≤bi≤2⋅n) — the elements of array b. It is guaranteed that the sum of n across all test cases does not exceed 2⋅105. Output For each test case, output the maximum length of a subarray consisting of equal values across all merges. c++实现

mp[c[i]] = make_pair(lower_bound(a.begin(), a.end(), c[i]) - a.begin(), lower_bound(b.begin(), b.end(), c[i]) - b.begin()); i = j; } for (auto [k, v] : mp) { ans = max(ans, abs(v.first - v.second...

写出这个题的代码：You are given an unsorted permutation p1,p2,…,pn. To sort the permutation, you choose a constant k (k≥1) and do some operations on the permutation. In one operation, you can choose two integers i, j (1≤j<i≤n) such that i−j=k, then swap pi and pj. What is the maximum value of k that you can choose to sort the given permutation? A permutation is an array consisting of n distinct integers from 1 to n in arbitrary order. For example, [2,3,1,5,4] is a permutation, but [1,2,2] is not a permutation (2 appears twice in the array) and [1,3,4] is also not a permutation (n=3 but there is 4 in the array). An unsorted permutation p is a permutation such that there is at least one position i that satisfies pi≠i. Input Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1≤t≤104). The description of the test cases follows. The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (2≤n≤105) — the length of the permutation p. The second line of each test case contains n distinct integers p1,p2,…,pn (1≤pi≤n) — the permutation p. It is guaranteed that the given numbers form a permutation of length n and the given permutation is unsorted. It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 2⋅105. Output For each test case, output the maximum value of k that you can choose to sort the given permutation. We can show that an answer always exists.

#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main() { int t; scanf("%d", &t); while(t--) { int n; scanf("%d", &n); vector<int> p(n); for(int i = 0; i ; i++) { scanf("%d", &p[i]);...

Jonathan is fighting against DIO's Vampire minions. There are n of them with strengths a1,a2,…,an. Denote (l,r) as the group consisting of the vampires with indices from l to r. Jonathan realizes that the strength of any such group is in its weakest link, that is, the bitwise AND. More formally, the strength level of the group (l,r) is defined as f(l,r)=al&al+1&al+2&…&ar. Here, & denotes the bitwise AND operation. Because Jonathan would like to defeat the vampire minions fast, he will divide the vampires into contiguous groups, such that each vampire is in exactly one group, and the sum of strengths of the groups is minimized. Among all ways to divide the vampires, he would like to find the way with the maximum number of groups. Given the strengths of each of the n vampires, find the maximum number of groups among all possible ways to divide the vampires with the smallest sum of strengths. Input The first line contains a single integer t (1≤t≤104) — the number of test cases. The description of test cases follows. The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (1≤n≤2⋅105) — the number of vampires. The second line of each test case contains n integers a1,a2,…,an (0≤ai≤109) — the individual strength of each vampire. The sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 2⋅105. Output For each test case, output a single integer — the maximum number of groups among all possible ways to divide the vampires with the smallest sum of strengths.c++实现

// Count the number of groups with the smallest strength for (int i = 1; i ; i++) { if (strengths[i] == minStrength) { groupCount++; } else { break; } } cout ; } return 0; } 这段代码...

用C语言解决下列问题：Kirill wants to weave the very beautiful blanket consisting of n×m of the same size square patches of some colors. He matched some non-negative integer to each color. Thus, in our problem, the blanket can be considered a B matrix of size n×m consisting of non-negative integers. Kirill considers that the blanket is very beautiful, if for each submatrix A of size 4×4 of the matrix B is true: A11⊕A12⊕A21⊕A22=A33⊕A34⊕A43⊕A44, A13⊕A14⊕A23⊕A24=A31⊕A32⊕A41⊕A42, where ⊕ means bitwise exclusive OR Kirill asks you to help her weave a very beautiful blanket, and as colorful as possible! He gives you two integers n and m . Your task is to generate a matrix B of size n×m , which corresponds to a very beautiful blanket and in which the number of different numbers maximized. Input The first line of input data contains one integer number t (1≤t≤1000 ) — the number of test cases. The single line of each test case contains two integers n and m (4≤n,m≤200) — the size of matrix B . It is guaranteed that the sum of n⋅m does not exceed 2⋅105 . Output For each test case, in first line output one integer cnt (1≤cnt≤n⋅m) — the maximum number of different numbers in the matrix. Then output the matrix B (0≤Bij<263) of size n×m . If there are several correct matrices, it is allowed to output any one. It can be shown that if there exists a matrix with an optimal number of distinct numbers, then there exists among suitable matrices such a B that (0≤Bij<263) .

题目要求生成一个n×m的矩阵B，使得对于B的任意一个4×4的子矩阵A，都满足A11⊕A12⊕A21⊕A22=A33⊕A34⊕A43⊕A44, A13⊕A14⊕A23⊕A24=A31⊕A32⊕A41⊕A42，并且B中不同数字的数量最大。可以使用循环和位运算符来...

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