以学生为基类编写C++程序,程序中需要体现类的多重继承、类的多级继承、虚继承、公共继承、保护继承、私有继承、子对象、类的组合、虚函数、纯虚函数等特性,须完整各类的构造函数、析构函数

下面是一个基于学生类的C++程序示例，其中展示了类的多重继承、类的多级继承、虚继承、公共继承、保护继承、私有继承、子对象、类的组合、虚函数和纯虚函数等特性。请注意，这只是一个简单的示例，可能不符合实际需求，但可以帮助你理解这些概念。 ```cpp #include <iostream> #include <string> // 基类：人类 class Person { protected: std::string name; public: Person(const std::string& name) : name(name) { std::cout << "Person constructor" << std::endl; } virtual ~Person() { std::cout << "Person destructor" << std::endl; } virtual void introduce() { std::cout << "Person: My name is " << name << std::endl; } }; // 基类：学生类 class Student : public virtual Person { protected: int studentId; public: Student(const std::string& name, int studentId) : Person(name), studentId(studentId) { std::cout << "Student constructor" << std::endl; } ~Student() { std::cout << "Student destructor" << std::endl; } void introduce() override { std::cout << "Student: My name is " << name << " and my student ID is " << studentId << std::endl; } }; // 通过虚继承，避免多重继承产生的二义性 class GradStudent : public virtual Student { protected: std::string researchTopic; public: GradStudent(const std::string& name, int studentId, const std::string& researchTopic) : Person(name), Student(name, studentId), researchTopic(researchTopic) { std::cout << "GradStudent constructor" << std::endl; } ~GradStudent() { std::cout << "GradStudent destructor" << std::endl; } void introduce() override { std::cout << "GradStudent: My name is " << name << ", my student ID is " << studentId << ", and my research topic is " << researchTopic << std::endl; } }; // 子对象：Course类 class Course { protected: std::string courseName; public: Course(const std::string& courseName) : courseName(courseName) { std::cout << "Course constructor" << std::endl; } ~Course() { std::cout << "Course destructor" << std::endl; } void displayCourse() { std::cout << "Course: " << courseName << std::endl; } }; // 组合类：学生课程类 class StudentCourse { protected: Student student; Course course; public: StudentCourse(const std::string& name, int studentId, const std::string& courseName) : student(name, studentId), course(courseName) { std::cout << "StudentCourse constructor" << std::endl; } ~StudentCourse() { std::cout << "StudentCourse destructor" << std::endl; } void displayStudentInfo() { student.introduce(); } void displayCourseInfo() { course.displayCourse(); } }; int main() { Student student("John", 12345); student.introduce(); std::cout << std::endl; GradStudent gradStudent("Alice", 54321, "Machine Learning"); gradStudent.introduce(); std::cout << std::endl; StudentCourse studentCourse("Bob", 67890, "Computer Science"); studentCourse.displayStudentInfo(); studentCourse.displayCourseInfo(); return 0; } ``` 这个程序展示了基于学生类的继承关系和组合关系。`Person`是人类基类，`Student`是学生类继承自`Person`，`GradStudent`是研究生类继承自`Student`，通过虚继承避免多重继承带来的二义性。 程序还展示了子对象和类的组合关系。`Course`是课程类，`StudentCourse`是学生课程类，它组合了`Student`和`Course`对象，并可以调用它们的函数。 注意：以上代码只是为了展示相关概念，并不一定符合实际的需求。在实际开发中，需要根据具体情况来设计和使用继承、组合等特性。