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详解robot_pose_ekf软件包在ROS Melodic的集成与应用

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### 知识点一:robot_pose_ekf软件包介绍 robot_pose_ekf是一个专门为机器人定位使用的软件包,它是ROS(Robot Operating System)的一部分,主要用于处理机器人定位的问题。该软件包利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器(Extended Kalman Filter, EKF)对机器人的位姿进行估计。该估计器利用机器人的里程计数据(odometry)与传感器数据(如激光雷达、视觉传感器等)进行融合,来提高定位的准确性和稳定性。 ### 知识点二:ROS Melodic版本的适配性 robot_pose_ekf软件包是为ROS Melodic Morenia及更高版本进行开发和优化的。ROS Melodic Morenia是ROS的一个正式发行版本,发布于2019年5月23日,是ROS Kinetic之后的最新稳定版本。该版本与之前版本相比,增加了很多新功能,同时对原有功能进行了改进。因此,使用robot_pose_ekf需要安装ROS Melodic或更高版本,以确保软件包中的特性和API能够正常工作。 ### 知识点三:扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF) 扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)是卡尔曼滤波器的一个扩展版本,主要用于处理非线性系统状态估计问题。在机器人定位场景中,机器人的运动和传感器的观测往往是非线性的,因此EKF被广泛应用于解决这类问题。EKF通过线性化非线性系统模型和观测模型,估计出机器人的最有可能的位姿。 ### 知识点四:ROS中机器人的位姿表示 在ROS中,机器人位姿通常通过一个四元数或者一个二维或三维的旋转矩阵加一个位置向量(平移向量)来表示。四元数用于避免万向锁问题,因此在三维空间中旋转的表示更为普遍。robot_pose_ekf通过EKF融合不同的传感器数据来估计机器人的位姿。 ### 知识点五:机器人里程计(Odometry) 里程计数据描述了机器人从一个位置到另一个位置的位移。机器人通常会通过轮速传感器、编码器等设备来估计自身的位置和方向的变化。里程计数据是机器人定位和导航中非常重要的信息来源,但是它往往受到累计误差的影响。因此,EKF通过融合里程计数据和其他传感器数据来降低这种误差。 ### 知识点六:C++开发语言 robot_pose_ekf是使用C++语言编写的。C++是一种静态类型、编译式、通用的编程语言,广泛应用于高性能的软件开发中,尤其是在系统/应用软件、游戏开发、实时物理模拟等领域。在ROS中,C++通常用于编写性能要求较高的节点和算法,而Python则更适用于快速开发和原型设计。robot_pose_ekf选择C++作为其开发语言,可能是为了满足机器人控制算法对性能的需求。 ### 知识点七:软件包文件结构和内容 从给定的压缩包文件名称"robot_pose_ekf-master"可以看出,这个软件包遵循了GitHub中的命名习惯,表明这是一个主分支的源代码。"master"通常表示这是该软件包的稳定版本或者是默认的开发分支。在解压后,用户可以通过查看文件结构来了解该软件包的组件、依赖关系以及如何编译和运行软件包中的代码。 ### 知识点八:在ROS中使用robot_pose_ekf 在ROS中,使用robot_pose_ekf涉及到几个步骤。首先需要安装ROS Melodic或更高版本,然后安装robot_pose_ekf软件包,接下来需要订阅传感器数据和里程计数据,并发布到robot_pose_ekf的输入主题。最后,需要订阅robot_pose_ekf输出的主题来获取融合后的位姿数据。使用过程中,可能还需要对EKF的参数进行调整,以便更好地适应实际应用环境。 ### 结论 robot_pose_ekf软件包是ROS生态系统中一个非常重要的工具,它帮助开发者通过融合不同传感器数据来提升机器人的定位精度。对于学习ROS及机器人相关领域的开发者来说,理解和掌握如何使用robot_pose_ekf,以及其背后的原理是非常有必要的。

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ROS_MASTER_URI=http://localhost:11311 process[abot_driver-1]: started with pid [11227] process[abot_imu-2]: started with pid [11228] process[base_imu_to_base_link-3]: started with pid [11239] process[base_laser_to_base_link-4]: started with pid [11241] process[imu_filter_madgwick-5]: started with pid [11246] process[robot_pose_ekf-6]: started with pid [11250] process[odom_ekf-7]: started with pid [11255] process[joint_state_publisher-8]: started with pid [11266] [ INFO] [1741329298.897535489]: port:/dev/abot buadrate:921600 [ INFO] [1741329298.914410219]: IMU calibration found. process[robot_state_publisher-9]: started with pid [11268] [ INFO] [1741329298.993604768]: Starting ImuFilter process[rplidarNode-10]: started with pid [11271] process[laser_filter-11]: started with pid [11277] [ INFO] [1741329299.126334122]: out_pid_debug_enable:0 [ INFO] [1741329299.228310009]: BaseDriver startup Transport main read/write started [ INFO] [1741329299.231230559]: connected to main board [ INFO] [1741329299.360461609]: Using dt computed from message headers [ INFO] [1741329299.360665780]: The gravity vector is kept in the IMU message. [ INFO] [1741329299.417325997]: Starting Raw Imu Bridge. [ INFO] [1741329299.500850550]: RPLIDAR running on ROS package rplidar_ros. SDK Version:1.7.0 [ INFO] [1741329299.748798455]: Imu filter gain set to 0.100000 [ INFO] [1741329299.749018907]: Gyro drift bias set to 0.000000 [ INFO] [1741329299.749163294]: Magnetometer bias values: 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 [ INFO] [1741329299.772481628]: output frame: odom [ INFO] [1741329299.847852108]: base frame: base_footprint [ INFO] [1741329299.877294784]: BOX filter started [ INFO] [1741329299.948587655]: invert filter not set, assuming false [ INFO] [1741329301.231547591]: end sleep [ INFO] [1741329301.245752946]: robot version:v1.0.2 build time:20180730-m0e0 [ INFO] [1741329301.264577695]: subscribe cmd topic on [cmd_vel] [ INFO] [1741329301.280285015]: advertise odom topic on [wheel_odom] [ INFO] [1741329301.308485577]: RobotParameters: 97 225 3960 10 320 2700 0 10 250 50 50 250 69 [ INFO] [1741329301.708502447]: Initializing Odom sensor [ WARN] [1741329301.727296527]: Calibrating accelerometer and gyroscope, make sure robot is stationary and level. [ INFO] [1741329301.741557545]: Odom sensor activated [ INFO] [1741329301.742947838]: Kalman filter initialized with odom measurement [INFO] [1741329301.841551]: Publishing combined odometry on [ERROR] [1741329304.043761987]: Error, operation time out. RESULT_OPERATION_TIMEOUT! [rplidarNode-10] process has died [pid 11271, exit code 255, cmd /opt/ros/melodic/lib/rplidar_ros/rplidarNode __name:=rplidarNode __log:=/home/robot/.ros/log/4555c2d8-fb1e-11ef-b86e-982cbceead36/rplidarNode-10.log]. log file: /home/robot/.ros/log/4555c2d8-fb1e-11ef-b86e-982cbceead36/rplidarNode-10*.log [ WARN] [1741329310.035015476]: Still waiting for data on topic /imu/data_raw... [ INFO] [1741329317.897678201]: Calibrating accelerometer and gyroscope complete. [ INFO] [1741329317.897737851]: Bias values can be saved for reuse. [ INFO] [1741329317.897784946]: Accelerometer: x: 0.069855, y: 0.096045, z: -0.577353 [ INFO] [1741329317.897814783]: Gyroscope: x: -0.070678, y: 0.115459, z: -0.012532 [ INFO] [1741329317.932081971]: First IMU message received. [ INFO] [1741329317.932650697]: Initializing Imu sensor [ INFO] [1741329317.996404847]: Imu sensor activated

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ROS_MASTER_URI=http://localhost:11311 process[abot_driver-1]: started with pid [2304] process[abot_imu-2]: started with pid [2305] process[base_imu_to_base_link-3]: started with pid [2307] process[base_laser_to_base_link-4]: started with pid [2318] process[imu_filter_madgwick-5]: started with pid [2327] process[robot_pose_ekf-6]: started with pid [2329] process[odom_ekf-7]: started with pid [2336] process[joint_state_publisher-8]: started with pid [2337] process[robot_state_publisher-9]: started with pid [2347] process[rplidarNode-10]: started with pid [2354] process[laser_filter-11]: started with pid [2356] [ INFO] [1741328525.659589259]: Starting ImuFilter [ INFO] [1741328525.708753282]: IMU calibration found. [ INFO] [1741328525.949544462]: Using dt computed from message headers [ INFO] [1741328525.949615735]: The gravity vector is kept in the IMU message. [ INFO] [1741328526.176728221]: Starting Raw Imu Bridge. [ INFO] [1741328526.198895822]: RPLIDAR running on ROS package rplidar_ros. SDK Version:1.7.0 [ INFO] [1741328526.377075979]: port:/dev/abot buadrate:921600 [ INFO] [1741328526.464545686]: output frame: odom [ INFO] [1741328526.486865972]: Imu filter gain set to 0.100000 [ INFO] [1741328526.486930719]: Gyro drift bias set to 0.000000 [ INFO] [1741328526.486958717]: Magnetometer bias values: 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 [ INFO] [1741328526.499294903]: base frame: base_footprint [ INFO] [1741328526.553656245]: out_pid_debug_enable:0 [ INFO] [1741328526.610851837]: BaseDriver startup Transport main read/write started [ INFO] [1741328526.612066378]: connected to main board [ INFO] [1741328526.663240223]: BOX filter started [ INFO] [1741328526.715816479]: invert filter not set, assuming false [ INFO] [1741328528.612275978]: end sleep [ INFO] [1741328528.618474299]: robot version:v1.0.2 build time:20180730-m0e0 [ INFO] [1741328528.634588107]: subscribe cmd topic on [cmd_vel] [ INFO] [1741328528.641772947]: advertise odom topic on [wheel_odom] [ INFO] [1741328528.669233981]: RobotParameters: 97 225 3960 10 320 2700 0 10 250 50 50 250 69 [ INFO] [1741328529.004711203]: Initializing Odom sensor [ WARN] [1741328529.021207054]: Calibrating accelerometer and gyroscope, make sure robot is stationary and level. [ INFO] [1741328529.039149031]: Odom sensor activated [ INFO] [1741328529.040650258]: Kalman filter initialized with odom measurement [INFO] [1741328529.086600]: Publishing combined odometry on [ERROR] [1741328530.779663508]: Error, operation time out. RESULT_OPERATION_TIMEOUT! [rplidarNode-10] process has died [pid 2354, exit code 255, cmd /opt/ros/melodic/lib/rplidar_ros/rplidarNode __name:=rplidarNode __log:=/home/robot/.ros/log/77eeeab4-fb1c-11ef-b86e-982cbceead36/rplidarNode-10.log]. log file: /home/robot/.ros/log/77eeeab4-fb1c-11ef-b86e-982cbceead36/rplidarNode-10*.log [ WARN] [1741328536.757358812]: Still waiting for data on topic /imu/data_raw... [ INFO] [1741328545.174967892]: Calibrating accelerometer and gyroscope complete. [ INFO] [1741328545.175037312]: Bias values can be saved for reuse. [ INFO] [1741328545.175075994]: Accelerometer: x: 0.074308, y: 0.103545, z: -0.582510 [ INFO] [1741328545.175108121]: Gyroscope: x: -0.071565, y: 0.116092, z: -0.012428 [ INFO] [1741328545.207219203]: First IMU message received. [ INFO] [1741328545.207850177]: Initializing Imu sensor [ INFO] [1741328545.239236580]: Imu sensor activated