Maven入门教程：Java项目开发必备工具详解 - CSDN文库

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Apache Maven教程 Apache Maven 是一个强大的软件项目管理和构建工具，其设计基础是项目对象模型 (Project Object Model, POM)。POM 是一个XML文件，它集中管理项目的构建、报告和文档，使得开发人员可以从单一源获取所有关于项目的信息，从而提高开发效率和项目的一致性。本教程旨在为初学者提供一个易于理解的指南，教授如何在日常项目开发中使用 Maven，特别是针对 Java 项目，但同样适用于其他编程语言。通过学习，即使是没有接触过 Maven 的新手也能逐步掌握基本功能，提升到中级水平，从而能够自信地处理企业级 Java 项目的构建和管理。为了有效地利用本教程，读者应具备以下基础知识： 1. 软件开发基础知识：了解软件开发的基本流程和术语。 2. Java SE 知识：熟悉 Java 语言的核心语法和类库，因为 Maven 主要应用于 Java 开发项目。 3. Java EE 概览：理解 Java Enterprise Edition（Java EE）的架构和部署流程，因为 Maven 可用于支持这些复杂的应用场景。版权和免责声明声明：本教程的所有内容和图片均归 tutorialspoint.com 所有。未经许可，禁止复制或使用任何来自该网站的内容。这确保了教程的专业性和准确性，同时尊重知识产权。本教程将按以下步骤展开： 1. **入门介绍**：简要概述 Maven 的概念，以及它如何在项目生命周期中发挥作用。 2. **设置环境**：如何安装和配置 Maven，包括本地和全局安装，以及配置 Maven 设置文件（`settings.xml`）。 3. **创建第一个 Maven 项目**：使用 Maven 初始化器（Maven archetype）创建一个新的 Maven 项目，并理解 POM 文件结构。 4. **构建与依赖管理**：学习如何编译、测试和打包项目，以及如何管理项目依赖。 5. **生命周期和插件**：理解 Maven 的默认生命周期阶段以及如何使用插件扩展其功能。 6. **模块化项目**：处理多模块项目，以及如何在不同模块之间共享资源和依赖。 7. **部署与发布**：掌握部署策略，包括本地、远程仓库以及发布到 Maven Central 等公共仓库。 8. **Maven 错误处理与调试**：遇到问题时如何诊断和解决常见错误。通过这个详尽的 Maven 教程，读者将建立起坚实的 Maven 使用基础，并准备好应对更高级的项目管理挑战。无论是个人开发者还是团队协作，都能从中受益匪浅。

TUTORIALS POINT

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[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Building Unnamed - com.companyname.project-group:project-name:jar:1.0

[INFO] task-segment: [help:effective-pom] (aggregator-style)

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] [help:effective-pom {execution: default-cli}]

[INFO]

.....

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Total time: < 1 second

[INFO] Finished at: Thu Jul 05 11:41:51 IST 2012

[INFO] Final Memory: 6M/15M

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Effective POM displayed as result in console, after inheritance, interpolation,

and profiles are applied.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/

2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 h

ttp://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>com.companyname.project-group</groupId>

<artifactId>project</artifactId>

<version>1.0</version>

<build>

<sourceDirectory>C:\MVN\project\src\main\java</sourceDirectory>

<scriptSourceDirectory>src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>

<testSourceDirectory>C:\MVN\project\src\test\java</testSourceDirectory>

<outputDirectory>C:\MVN\project\target\classes</outputDirectory>

<testOutputDirectory>C:\MVN\project\target\test-classes</testOutputDirectory>

<resources>

<resource>

<mergeId>resource-0</mergeId>

<directory>C:\MVN\project\src\main\resources</directory>

</resource>

</resources>

<testResources>

<testResource>

<mergeId>resource-1</mergeId>

<directory>C:\MVN\project\src\test\resources</directory>

</testResource>

</testResources>

<directory>C:\MVN\project\target</directory>

<finalName>project-1.0</finalName>

<pluginManagement>

<plugins>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>

<version>1.3</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>

TUTORIALS POINT

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<version>2.2-beta-2</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.2</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.0.2</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.0</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.4</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-ear-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.3.1</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-ejb-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.1</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.2</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.2</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.5</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-plugin-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.4.3</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-rar-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.2</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.0-beta-8</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.3</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.0-beta-7</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.0.4</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>

<version>2.4.3</version>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>

TUTORIALS POINT

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Here the clean phase will be executed first, and then the dependency:copy-dependencies

goal will be executed, and finally package phase will be executed.

Clean Lifecycle

When we execute mvn post-clean command, Maven invokes the clean lifecycle consisting of the

following phases.

 pre-clean

 clean

 post-clean

Maven clean goal (clean:clean) is bound to the clean phase in the clean lifecycle.

Its clean:clean goal deletes the output of a build by deleting the build directory. Thus when mvn

clean command executes, Maven deletes the build directory.

We can customize this behavior by mentioning goals in any of the above phases of clean life

cycle.

In the following example, We'll attach maven-antrun-plugin:run goal to the pre-clean, clean, and

post-clean phases. This will allow us to echo text messages displaying the phases of the clean

lifecycle.

We've created a pom.xml in C:\MVN\project folder.

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0

http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>com.companyname.projectgroup</groupId>

<artifactId>project</artifactId>

<version>1.0</version>

<build>

<plugins>

<plugin>

<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>

<version>1.1</version>

<executions>

<execution>

<id>id.pre-clean</id>

<phase>pre-clean</phase>

<goals>

<goal>run</goal>

</goals>

<configuration>

<tasks>

<echo>pre-clean phase</echo>

</tasks>

</configuration>

</execution>

<execution>

<id>id.clean</id>

<phase>clean</phase>

<goals>

<goal>run</goal>

</goals>

<configuration>

<tasks>

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