Unity游戏开发中的程序化内容生成

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"Procedural Content Generation for Unity Game Development 是一本关于如何在Unity3D游戏引擎中应用Procedural Content Generation（PCG）技术的入门书籍。本书旨在介绍PCG的基本理论和实践方法，帮助读者理解PCG的概念、用途以及在现代游戏中的重要性。书中通过构建一个2D Rogue-like游戏的全过程，深入讲解了PCG的各种应用场景，包括关卡生成、物品生成、适应性难度、音乐生成等，并最终涉及3D对象生成，如创建3D星球。通过本书的学习，读者将掌握PCG的基础知识，并能够利用Unity3D实现PCG算法。本书覆盖以下章节： 1. Pseudo Random Numbers：介绍PCG的基本理论，讲解伪随机数（PRN）的概念、用途，以及它们在实现PCG算法中的作用。 2. Roguelike Games：回顾PCG和Rogue-like游戏的历史，建立Unity项目基础，为构建Rogue-like游戏做准备。 3. 生成无尽世界：实现实时自动生成的2D游戏世界，探讨PCG算法设计和数据结构的应用。 4. 生成随机地牢：实现游戏的子级关卡，讨论不同的关卡生成方法并进行实践。 5. 随机化物品：讲解如何生成具有不同属性的随机物品，涵盖物品生成、交互和库存管理。 6. 生成模块化武器：进一步提升物品生成的复杂度，构建随机模块化武器系统。 7. 适应性难度：结合人工智能（AI），介绍如何通过PCG实现游戏的适应性难度调整，并实现这一系统。 8. 生成音乐：学习如何运用PCG生成游戏音乐，涉及基本音乐理论和音乐生成算法。 9. 生成3D星球：转向3D环境下的PCG，完成核心2D Rogue-like功能后，进入3D对象的生成。本书适合希望了解和学习PCG技术，特别是对使用Unity3D开发游戏感兴趣的读者。通过实际项目经验，读者将能够深入理解PCG在游戏开发中的价值和潜力，为进一步的研究和实践打下坚实基础。"

Table of Contents

[ iii ]

Generating items in the dungeon 100

The Chest prefab 100

Chest implementation 103

Spawning the chest 104

The Item prefab 106

Item code 107

Adding player to item interaction 109

Summary 114

Chapter 6: Generating Modular Weapons 115

PCG with modules 116

Statistics of modular PCG 117

Creating and conguring new sprites 118

Creating a multiple image prefab 121

Modular weapon scripts 122

Adding a spawn point 127

Adding a weapon pick up 128

Adding scripted weapon animation 132

Adding character facing directions 135

Summary 138

Chapter 7: Adaptive Difculty 141

Setting up sprites 142

Adding enemies to the world board 147

Adding enemies to the Dungeon Board 151

Fighting the enemy 156

Adaptive difculty 159

Enemy AI 162

Finishing up 164

Summary 167

Chapter 8: Generating Music 169

Concept of music 169

Tempo 170

Melody 171

Repetition 172

Procedurally generated music algorithm 173

Measure 173

Dividing the measure 174

The base line 175

Setting up the script 175

The Sound Manager script 176

Adding tension 187

Summary 190

Preface

[ vi ]

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Pseudo Random Numbers, teaches you about the theory of procedural

content generation (PCG). We will cover what PCG is and how it is used in video

games. You will then learn about a useful component of randomization called

Pseudo Random Numbers (PRN). We will cover what PRNs are, how they are

used, and how they can help us implement PCG algorithms.

Chapter 2, Roguelike Games, teaches you about a prime example of procedural content

generation, Roguelike games. We will cover some history of the origin of PCG and

Roguelike games. We will then set up the Unity project foundation of our very own

Roguelike game.

Chapter 3, Generating an Endless World, begins the implementation of your 2D

Roguelike game. We will be creating a level that generates itself at runtime while the

player explores. We will cover PCG algorithm design and useful data substructures.

Then, we will put it together to implement the game world.

Chapter 4, Generating Random Dungeons, implements the sublevels of our Roguelike

game. We will cover a different approach to level generation as we generate a full

level layout at runtime. You will learn about some common approaches to this

technique and implement one for yourself.

Chapter 5, Randomized Items, teaches you about randomly generating items. The

items you generate will have differing properties so we will use some techniques

to communicate this to the player. We will cover item spawning, interaction, and

inventory storage.

Chapter 6, Generating Modular Weapons, teaches you about and how to implement

a random modular weapon system. You will build upon what you learned in the

previous chapter to add more complexity to item generation. These items will

comprise a small set of pieces that are assembled at runtime.

Chapter 7, Adaptive Difculty, crosses over into the eld of Articial Intelligence (AI)

and teaches you about how AI and PCG are similar and related. You will learn

about the PCG idea of adaptive difculty, which is one part AI and one part PCG.

You will then implement an adaptive difculty system for your Roguelike game.

Chapter 8, Generating Music, shows you how PCG can even contribute to the music

and sound content of a game. You will learn a little music theory; just enough to

design a PCG algorithm for music generation. Then, you will implement a music

generator for your Roguelike game that can generate music at runtime.

Preface

[ vii ]

Chapter 9, Generating a 3D Planet, switches gears from 2D-based PCG to 3D-based PCG.

We will have nished our core 2D Roguelike functionality and be working on a new

project. This chapter will introduce the fundamentals of 3D object generation. You will

then implement a 3D planet generator. Plus, as a bonus, you will implement a rst

person controller to take a closer look at your generated world.

Chapter 10, Generating the Future, discusses the most common methods of PCG used

today and some ways to further your learning in the subject. We will also summarize

some of the key points of what you learned throughout the book and how they relate

to these PCG methods. We will lastly take a look at some ways that we can improve

these PCG methods for the future.

What you need for this book

This book uses the popular game engine Unity3D for all of its programming example

implementations. At the time this book was written, Unity 5 was the current software

version and all the code examples were written with Unity version 5.2.2. All of the

code examples are written in the C# language.

You will need to download and install Unity3D onto your computer to follow the

examples in this book. All that is required for this is Unity, as it will compile and

run your code. It also comes with a code editor, MonoDevelop, which can be used to

write your code. If you choose to use a different code editor, you may do so as well.

Who this book is for

This book was written with Unity development beginners in mind, but it is best

suited for intermediate Unity developers. You will get the most out of this book if

you are familiar with Unity development and the C# language. However, there is

plenty of theory and programming method information that a beginning user can

benet from as well. Throughout the book, there are reference links and information

tips that will guide an inexperienced user to additional information that will help

facilitate their learning.

Conventions

In this book, you will nd a number of styles of text that distinguish between

different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an

explanation of their meaning.

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Welborne

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