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解决Android SDK 26更新后ant编译报错的详细步骤

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在Android开发的过程中,经常需要使用到Android SDK(Software Development Kit)来构建和开发应用。随着Android SDK版本的更新迭代,开发者在使用ant工具进行编译时,可能会遇到一些编译错误的问题。特别是当从Android SDK 26版本开始,一些旧的API和工具被弃用,导致原有的ant任务(task)无法正常工作。 首先,我们来了解什么是ant编译。Apache Ant是一个基于Java的构建工具,它用于自动化软件编译过程,即通过编写构建脚本文件(build.xml),使用ant命令来执行预定义的编译任务,如编译源代码、运行测试、打包成APK等。在Android开发中,ant曾是主要的自动化构建工具。 在Android SDK 26以后,开发者可能遇到的错误信息“taskdef A class needed by class com.android.ant.GetUiTargetTask”通常指的是ant的构建脚本中引用的一个任务类丢失了,导致编译失败。具体而言,这个错误信息意味着ant试图找到一个必须的类(com.android.ant.GetUiTargetTask),但是没有找到,这可能是因为该类在新的SDK版本中不再提供。 为了解决这个问题,我们需要知道如何解决与ant相关的编译错误。以下是解决这类问题的一些步骤和知识点: 1. **确认ant版本兼容性**: 确认你使用的ant版本是否与Android SDK 26及以上版本兼容。有时候,更新SDK版本后,原有的ant任务可能不再被支持。确保ant工具和SDK版本之间的兼容性是解决问题的第一步。 2. **检查build.xml文件**: 打开你的Android项目中的build.xml文件,检查其中定义的任务。确保没有引用到被移除或者变更API的旧任务。如果有,需要找到相应的替代方案或者更新相关任务的定义。 3. **下载对应的ant-tasks.jar**: 参考提供的网络资源,你可以下载正确版本的ant-tasks.jar文件。这个jar文件中包含了必要的类文件,用于支持ant编译过程中使用到的Android特定任务。通常这个文件是与Android SDK版本配合使用的。 4. **更新Android构建工具**: 在Android Studio中,前往SDK Manager,确保“Android SDK Build-Tools”部分的版本是最新的。新版本的构建工具通常包含了解决此类编译问题的更新。 5. **检查环境变量配置**: 确保Android SDK和ant工具的环境变量配置正确。有时候,环境变量配置错误或者不完整,会导致ant编译器无法找到相应的类文件或者工具。 6. **利用Gradle替代ant**: 如果你还在坚持使用ant,那么可能需要重新考虑。Google推荐使用Gradle作为Android项目的构建工具,它提供了更加现代和灵活的构建配置。从Android Studio 3.0开始,Android官方已经不再支持ant,鼓励所有开发者迁移到Gradle。因此,如果遇到此类问题,迁移到Gradle可能是最佳的长期解决方案。 7. **查阅官方文档和社区资源**: 在遇到难以解决的问题时,查阅官方文档和相关的技术社区(如Stack Overflow或CSDN)是非常有帮助的。开发者社区经常会分享新的发现和解决方案,这些资源可以帮助你快速找到解决编译错误的方法。 通过上述步骤,开发者可以尝试解决在使用Android SDK 26及以上版本时遇到的ant编译错误。但是,考虑到ant已经不是Android开发的推荐工具,建议最终目标是迁移到官方推荐的构建系统Gradle,以确保能够顺利地利用最新的Android SDK开发功能。

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plugins { id 'com.android.application' } apply from: 'jacoco-report.gradle' def cfg = rootProject.ext.configuration android { compileSdk cfg.targetSdk defaultConfig { applicationId cfg.applicationId minSdk cfg.minSdk targetSdk cfg.targetSdk versionCode cfg.versionCode versionName cfg.versionName } signingConfigs { release { storeFile file("$rootDir/platform.jks") storePassword = "123456" keyPassword = "123456" keyAlias = "ktplatfrom" } debug { storeFile file("$rootDir/platform.jks") storePassword = "123456" keyPassword = "123456" keyAlias = "ktplatfrom" } } buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled false proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' } debugCoverage { minifyEnabled false testCoverageEnabled false } } // buildTypes { // release { // minifyEnabled false // signingConfig signingConfigs.release // } // debug { // minifyEnabled false // signingConfig signingConfigs.debug // debuggable true // testCoverageEnabled false // } // } applicationVariants.all { variant -> variant.outputs.all { output -> def newName = "ktLauncher.apk" outputFileName = newName } } compileOptions { sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8 targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8 } dataBinding { enabled = true } buildFeatures { aidl true } //儿童模式 flavorDimensions "default" productFlavors { _NORMAL_MODE { buildConfigField("int", "user_model", "0") } _CHILD_MODE { buildConfigField("int", "user_model", '1') } } testOptions { unitTests { includeAndroidResources = true returnDefaultValues = true } } } gradle.projectsEvaluated { tasks.withType(JavaCompile) { Set<File> fileSet = options.bootstrapClasspath.getFiles() List<File> newFileList = new ArrayList<>(); //将framework.jar插入到最前面 newFileList.add(new File("libs/framework.jar")) //最后将原始的数据插入 newFileList.addAll(fileSet) options.bootstrapClasspath = files( newFileList.toArray() ) } } dependencies { // api fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs') implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["appcompat"] implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["material"] implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["constraintlayout"] implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["lifecycle-extensions"] implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["gson"] implementation project(':base') compileOnly files('libs/framework.jar') implementation 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.12.0' implementation 'com.android.support:design:28.0.0' implementation "androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.3" annotationProcessor 'com.github.bumptech.glide:compiler:4.12.0' // test testImplementation 'org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4:2.0.7' testImplementation 'org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4-rule:1.7.4' testImplementation 'org.powermock:powermock-api-mockito2:2.0.7' testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-core:3.3.3' testImplementation 'android.arch.core:core-testing:1.1.1' testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-inline:3.11.2' } -----build.gradle----------- apply plugin: 'jacoco' //gradlew clean & gradlew createOfflineTestCoverageReport & gradlew jacocoTestReport tasks.withType(Test) { jacoco.includeNoLocationClasses = true jacoco.excludes = ['jdk.internal.*'] } configurations { jacocoAnt jacocoRuntime } jacoco { toolVersion = "0.8.5" } def offline_instrumented_outputDir = "$buildDir.path/intermediates/classes-instrumented/debugCoverage" tasks.withType(Test) { jacoco.includeNoLocationClasses = true jacoco.excludes = ['jdk.internal.*'] } def coverageSourceDirs = [ 'src/main/java' ] task jacocoTestReport(type: JacocoReport, dependsOn: "test") { group = "Reporting" description = "Generate Jacoco coverage reports" classDirectories.from = fileTree( dir: './build/intermediates/javac/debugCoverage/classes/', excludes: [ '**/R.class', '**/R$*.class', '**/Manifest*.*', '**/*Test*.*', 'android/**/*.*', '**/BuildConfig.*', '**/**Bean.class', '**/inputmethod/*', '**/config/*.*', '**/flex/*.*', '**/AssetsUtils.class' ] ) getSourceDirectories().setFrom(files(coverageSourceDirs)) getExecutionData().setFrom(files('./build/jacoco/testDebugUnitTest.exec')) } jacocoTestReport { reports { xml.enabled true html.enabled true html.destination file("build/test-results/jacocoHtml") } } /* This task is used to create offline instrumentation of classes for on-the-fly instrumentation coverage tool like Jacoco. See jacoco classId * and Offline Instrumentation from the jacoco site for more info. * * In this case, some classes mocked using PowerMock were reported as 0% coverage on jacoco & Sonarqube. The issue between PowerMock and jacoco * is well documented, and a possible solution is offline Instrumentation (not so well documented for gradle). * * In a nutshell, this task: * - Pre-instruments the original *.class files * - Puts the instrumented classes path at the beginning of the task's classpath (for report purposes) * - Runs test & generates a new exec file based on the pre-instrumented classes -- as opposed to on-the-fly instrumented class files generated by jacoco. * * It is currently not implemented to run prior to any other existing tasks (like test, jacocoTestReport, etc...), therefore, it should be called * explicitly if Offline Instrumentation report is needed. * * Usage: gradle clean & gradle createOfflineInstrTestCoverageReport & gradle jacocoTestReport * - gradle clean //To prevent influence from any previous task execution * - gradle createOfflineInstrTestCoverageReport //To generate *.exec file from offline instrumented class * - gradle jacocoTestReport //To generate html report from newly created *.exec task */ task createOfflineTestCoverageReport(dependsOn: ['instrument', 'testDebugCoverageUnitTest']) { group = "reporting" doLast { ant.taskdef(name: 'report', classname: 'org.jacoco.ant.ReportTask', classpath: configur3+ations.jacocoAnt.asPath) ant.report() { executiondata { ant.file(file: "$buildDir.path/jacoco/testDebugCoverageUnitTest.exec") } structure(name: 'Example') { classfiles { fileset(dir: "$project.buildDir/intermediates/javac/debugCoverage") } sourcefiles { fileset(dir: 'src/main/java') } } //Uncomment if we want the task to generate jacoco html reports. However, the current script does not exclude files. //An alternative is to used jacocoTestReport after this task finishes //html(destdir: "$buildDir.path/reports/jacocoHtml") } } } createOfflineTestCoverageReport.dependsOn(clean) /* * Part of the Offline Instrumentation process is to add the jacoco runtime to the class path along with the path of the instrumented files. */ gradle.taskGraph.whenReady { graph -> if (graph.hasTask(instrument)) { tasks.withType(Test) { doFirst { systemProperty 'jacoco-agent.destfile', buildDir.path + '/jacoco/testDebugCoverageUnitTest.exec' classpath = files(offline_instrumented_outputDir) + classpath + configurations.jacocoRuntime } } } } /* * Instruments the classes per se */ task instrument(dependsOn:'compileDebugUnitTestSources') { doLast { println 'Instrumenting classes' ant.taskdef(name: 'instrument', classname: 'org.jacoco.ant.InstrumentTask', classpath: configurations.jacocoAnt.asPath) ant.instrument(destdir: offline_instrumented_outputDir) { fileset(dir: "$buildDir.path/intermediates/javac/debugCoverage") } } } -----jacoco-report.gradle--------------- jacoco-report.gradle 在同一个项目中的base模块可以正常生成jacoco单元测试覆盖率报告,但是在app模块无法生成,build文件夹中,都没有jacoco和 test-results文件夹。上述的jacoco-report.gradle和build.gradle是app模块的内容 请问应该如何解决app模块无法显示jacoco报告的问题i