初级开发者必读：AJAX、JavaScript与PHP快速入门指南

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本资源是一本旨在引导初级开发者学习AJAX、JavaScript和PHP编程的教程。书中强调，读者应该具备基本的计算机操作知识、操作系统（如Windows Vista或Mac OS X Leopard）使用技能以及互联网基础知识。HTML网页开发基础也是必不可少的，因为这些技术通常在Web应用开发中相互配合。首先，对于想要充分利用这本书的读者，需要了解计算机的基本工作原理、操作系统的工作流程，以及如何有效地使用互联网。推荐的基础读物如"Sams Teach Yourself Windows Vista All in One"和"Sams Teach Yourself Mac OS X Leopard All in One"能帮助读者快速掌握电脑操作和操作系统的核心内容。在掌握了基础后，书中的重点内容将引导读者学习AJAX，这是一种异步JavaScript和XML的技术，用于创建无需刷新页面即可更新部分网页内容的动态效果。通过深入学习和实践，读者可以提升构建复杂网络应用的能力，利用AJAX提高用户体验。进一步发展，书中的指导可能包括扩展web开发技能，学习其他编程语言和开发技术，例如JavaScript的补充知识，比如JavaScript进阶书籍或者"Learn JavaScript"等。同时，HTML和CSS是构建网页的基本框架，"Sams Teach Yourself HTML and CSS in 24 Hours"可以提供入门级的指导，帮助理解网页结构和样式设计。 PHP作为服务器端脚本语言，与MySQL数据库和Apache服务器常常一起使用，"Sams Teach Yourself PHP, MySQL, and Apache All in One"则是一个全面的资源，涵盖了PHP编程、数据库管理和服务器管理的基础知识，这对于构建动态网站至关重要。这本教程不仅适合初次接触AJAX、JavaScript和PHP的开发者，还为他们提供了循序渐进的学习路径，包括必要的预备知识、核心技术的掌握以及后续技能的扩展，帮助他们在IT领域取得坚实的基础。无论是自学还是课堂学习，都能从中获益匪浅。

We Want to Hear from You!

As the reader of this book, you are our most important critic and commentator. We value

your opinion and want to know what we’re doing right, what we could do better, what

areas you’d like to see us publish in, and any other words of wisdom you’re willing to pass

our way.

You can email or write me directly to let me know what you did or didn’t like about this

book—as well as what we can do to make our books stronger.

Please note that I cannot help you with technical problems related to the topic of this book, and

that due to the high volume of mail I receive, I might not be able to reply to every message.

When you write, please be sure to include this book’s title and author as well as your name

and phone or email address. I will carefully review your comments and share them with the

author and editors who worked on the book.

E-mail: [email protected]

Mail: Mark Taub

Associate Publisher

Sams Publishing

800 East 96th Street

Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA

Reader Services

Visit our website and register this book at informit.com/register for convenient access to any

updates, downloads, or errata that might be available for this book.

Introduction

Over the last decade or so, the World Wide Web has grown in scope from being a relative-

ly simple information repository to becoming the first stop for many people when seeking

entertainment, education, news, or business resources.

Websites themselves need no longer be limited to a number of static pages containing text

and perhaps simple images; the tools now available allow the development of highly

interactive and engaging pages involving animations, visual effects, context-sensitive con-

tent, embedded productivity tools, and much more.

The list of technologies available for producing such pages is broad. However, those based

on Open Source licenses have become, and remain, highly popular due to their typically

low (often zero) entry cost, and to the huge resource of user-contributed scripts, tutorials,

tools, and other resources for these tools and applications available via the Internet and

elsewhere.

In this book, we give a detailed account of how to program fluid, interactive websites

using server- and client-side coding techniques and tools, as well as how to combine these

to produce a slick, desktop-application-like user experience using Ajax.

The programming languages used in this book include the ubiquitous JavaScript (for

client-side programming) and the immensely popular open-source PHP language (for serv-

er-side scripting, and available with the majority of web-hosting packages). The nuts and

bolts of Ajax programming are described in detail, as well as the use of several advanced

open-source frameworks that contain ready-written code for quickly building state-of-the-

art interactive sites.

The CD that accompanies this book provides all the tools required on

your journey through learning to program in PHP, JavaScript, and Ajax.

What Is Ajax?

Ajax stands for Asynchronous JavaScript And XML. Although strictly speaking Ajax is not

itself a technology, it mixes well-known programming techniques in an uncommon way

to enable web developers to build Internet applications with much more appealing user

interfaces than those to which we have become accustomed.

On the

Sams Teach Yourself Ajax, JavaScript, and PHP All in One

When using popular desktop applications, we expect the results of our work to be

made available immediately, without fuss, and without our having to wait for the

whole screen to be redrawn by the program. While using a spreadsheet such as

Excel, for instance, we expect the changes we make in one cell to propagate imme-

diately through the neighboring cells while we continue to type, scroll the page, or

use the mouse.

Unfortunately, this sort of interaction has seldom been available to users of web-

based applications. Much more common is the experience of entering data into

form fields, clicking on a button or a hyperlink and then sitting back while the page

slowly reloads to exhibit the results of the request. In addition, we often find that the

majority of the reloaded page consists of elements that are identical to those of the

previous page and that have therefore been reloaded unnecessarily; background

images, logos, and menus are frequent offenders.

Ajax promises us a solution to this problem. By working as an extra layer between

the user’s browser and the web server, Ajax handles server communications in the

background, submitting server requests and processing the returned data. The

results may then be integrated seamlessly into the page being viewed, without that

page needing to be refreshed or a new one being loaded.

In Ajax applications, such server requests are not necessarily synchronized with user

actions such as clicking on buttons or links. A well-written Ajax application may

already have asked of the server, and received, the data required by the user—per-

haps before the user even knew she wanted it. This is the meaning of the asynchro-

nous part of the Ajax acronym.

The parts of an Ajax application that happen “under the hood” of the user’s brows-

er, such as sending server queries and dealing with the returned data, are written in

JavaScript, and XML is an increasingly popular means of coding and transferring for-

matted information used by Ajax to efficiently transfer data between server and

client.

We’ll look at all these techniques, and how they can be made to work together, as

we work through the chapters.

Who This Book Is For

This volume is aimed primarily at web developers seeking to build better interfaces

for the users of their web applications and programmers from desktop environments

looking to transfer their applications to the Internet.

Introduction

It also proves useful to web designers eager to learn how the latest techniques can

offer new outlets for their creativity. Although the nature of PHP, JavaScript, and

Ajax applications means that they require some programming, all the required

technologies are explained from first principles within the book, so even those with

little or no programming experience should be able to follow the lessons without a

great deal of difficulty.

How To Use This Book

All the technologies—including a refresher of WWW basics—are explained from first

principles, so that even non-programmers or those unfamiliar with these languages

should be able to follow the development of the concepts with little problem.

The book is divided into parts, each dedicated to a particular technology or discus-

sion topic. Within each part, the chapters each specialize in a given aspect or

subtopic. It should therefore be easy to follow the instructional flow of the book by a

quick look through the table of contents.

However, if you are already a competent programmer in one or more of the tech-

nologies used—in PHP for instance, or in JavaScript—then feel free to speed-read or

skip the sections that you don’t need.

To try out many of the examples you’ll need access to a web server that supports

PHP, and a means to upload files into your web space (probably FTP). Most web

hosts include PHP in their hosting packages, or can do so on request at minimal or

no cost.

Alternatively, the CD that accompanies this book contains everything required to set

up a web serving environment on your own computer. This package is called

XAMPP, and it contains everything you need to develop fully functional, interactive

websites like those described in this book, ready to be deployed to a web-based server

at a later date if you so choose. Look out for the boxes marked “On the CD” as you

work through the book.

Conventions Used In This Book

This book contains special elements as described by the following:

These boxes highlight information that can make your programming more efficient

and effective.

Did you

Know?

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