Windows Server 2003 AD快速恢复：VSS与VDS技术详解

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Windows

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2003

Active

Directory

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本文档详细介绍了如何在Windows Server 2003环境下利用Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) 和 Virtual Disk Service (VDS) 提高Active Directory (AD) 的快速恢复能力。在Microsoft Windows Server 2003中，这两个服务的引入显著减少了故障恢复所需的时间，从过去的几个小时缩短到几分钟，从而极大地提高了企业级环境中的AD服务器可用性。首先，文章介绍了Active Directory，它是Windows网络的核心组成部分，负责存储和管理用户、组、域、策略等对象信息。保护AD信息的安全性和稳定性至关重要，因为任何中断都可能导致大规模的服务中断和数据丢失。传统的磁带备份方法存在一些局限性，如备份速度慢、恢复过程繁琐且可能受物理介质性能限制。而Windows Server 2003的VSS通过定期创建快照来实时保护AD数据，即使系统运行时也能进行数据备份。VSS允许管理员在不干扰正常业务的情况下捕获系统的完整状态，这对于灾难恢复来说非常关键。接下来，文档讨论了VDS的使用，该服务允许在虚拟化环境中创建和管理卷影副本，进一步增强了恢复过程的灵活性。通过逻辑单元号码(LUN) 隐藏和解隐藏技术（LUN Masking and Unmasking），VDS能够无缝地将快照卷映射到故障恢复过程中使用的物理存储设备上，简化了恢复操作。文章还提供了一个快速恢复的演示流程，展示了从创建快照、通过LUN Masking进行数据传输，到从SAN（Storage Area Network）引导服务器的整个步骤。通过这个演示，管理员可以了解如何在实际环境中实施这些技术，以构建自己的高效灾备解决方案。总结部分强调了Windows Server 2003中VSS和VDS结合带来的好处，包括简化了恢复管理、缩短了恢复时间，并降低了潜在的业务中断风险。此外，文档还列出了具体的操作配置细节，包括需要的服务器设置，以便读者能够根据自己的环境进行调整和应用。本文是为Windows Server 2003的系统管理员提供的一份实用指南，帮助他们优化Active Directory的故障恢复策略，提升企业的整体IT服务水平和可用性。

Windows Server2003 Active Directory Fast Recovery with Volume Shadow Copy Service and Virtual Disk Service

Limitations to Tape Backups

Tape backups are time intensive and impact server performance, and therefore tend to be done

relatively infrequently (full backups are usually done only once a week). In addition to this

drawback, there are a number of other others, including:

 A time intensive tape restore process.

 A time intensive resynchronization process. The longer the tape restore process, the

greater the divergence between the shadow copies and the online Active Directory

server(s) that continue to write transactions to disk.

 Decreased performance of the remaining Active Directory server(s) because it now

carries an increased workload.

Fast Recovery in Windows Server%2003

A highly effective alternative to traditional tape-based protection is to make point-in-time shadow

copies. Use of point-in-time shadow copies with Active Directory configurations allows rapid

recovery from a number of specific system problems, including:

 Bad service pack installation.

 A third party component, such as an application agent, filter driver, or device driver, that

has rendered the system unusable or unstable.

 Corruption of the system registry.

 A virus that has affected a system component.

Because this mirroring (or “cloning”) process is fast and non-disruptive to system performance,

shadow copies can be made more frequently than tape backups. Shadow copies kept locally on a

storage area network can be quickly accessed; with the appropriate hardware provider, they can

be transported to a backup server, backed up to tape, and sent to offsite storage for archiving.

With the Volume Shadow Copy Service and the Virtual Disk Service, Windows Server2003

contains new functionality to enable fast data restores, cutting restore time from the hours it can

take with tape backups to just minutes. Since the restore time is so much faster, correspondingly

fewer Active Directory changes can occur. This shortens resynchronization times considerably,

enabling the machine to return to production significantly faster.

Volume Shadow Copy Service

Volume Shadow Copy Service supports creation of high fidelity single point-in-time shadow

copies—also known as snapshots—of single or multiple volumes without impacting production

server performance. Used for managing data, from Direct Attached Storage (DAS) to Storage

Area Networks (SANs), Volume Shadow Copy Service coordinates with business applications,

backup applications, and storage hardware to enable application-aware data management.

Volume Shadow Copy Service also supports backups of open files.

Volume Shadow Copy Service coordinates the three software components necessary to create

full-mirror shadow copies for fast restores:

 The utility that requests the creation of a shadow copy; also known as the “requestor.”

 Application-specific software that acts to ensure that application data is ready for shadow

copy creation; also known as the “writer.” In this case, the writer is specific to Active

Directory and ships in-box with Windows Server2003.

 The interface that provides the functionality to actually make the shadow copy; also

known as the “provider.” Volume Shadow Copy Service can create shadow copies by

using either the (in-box) software provider, or a third party vendor hardware provider.

In a shared storage SAN configuration where there is often the need to make the data of one

server accessible by another, a shadow copy of the original data can be transported “unmasked”

to another server for use. This solution requires a hardware provider with transport capabilities.

See details later in this paper.

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