深入探索高级Shell脚本艺术：Anin-depth Exploration of Advanced Bash Scripting

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"AdvancedBash-ScriptingGuide" 是一本深入探讨Shell脚本艺术的专业教程，由Mendel Cooper撰写，邮箱地址为<[email protected]>。该书在2009年3月24日进行了第六次修订，名为'THIMBLEBERRY'发布，旨在为初学者提供基础，并逐步引导读者达到中级到高级的水平。作者强调实践的重要性，认为学习脚本编程的最佳方式就是动手编写。书中假设读者对编程或脚本没有任何先验知识，但通过精心设计的章节，逐步传授了大量UNIX®技术知识和窍门。它不仅可以用作教材，供个人自学，还是一个全面的参考资源，汇集了丰富的shell脚本技巧。教程中的练习题和详尽注释示例鼓励读者积极参与，确保他们能够在实践中不断进步。 "ShellProgramming!"是本书的第一章，可能介绍了Shell编程的基本概念和环境设置，而"StartingOffWithaSha-Bang"则可能是第二章，着重于如何以Shell脚本开始编写之旅。2.1部分可能是具体的入门示例或者介绍如何在Shell环境中编写和运行第一个脚本。这本书非常适合用作课堂教学的起点，帮助学生理解编程思维和基本原理。作者还特别将本书献给了Anita，表达了对她的深深感谢。整个教程结构严谨，内容丰富，适合那些希望深入学习Shell脚本并提升技能的读者。

bash$ cp /home/bozo/current_work/junk/* .

Copy all the "junk" files to $PWD.

"dot" character match. When matching characters, as part of a regular expression, a "dot" matches a

single character.

partial quoting [double quote]. "STRING" preserves (from interpretation) most of the special

characters within STRING. See Chapter 5.

full quoting [single quote]. 'STRING' preserves all special characters within STRING. This is a

stronger form of quoting than "STRING". See Chapter 5.

comma operator. The comma operator [15] links together a series of arithmetic operations. All are

evaluated, but only the last one is returned.

let "t2 = ((a = 9, 15 / 3))" # Set "a =

9" and "t2 = 15 / 3"

The comma operator can also concatenate strings.

for file in /{,usr/}bin/*calc

# ^ Find all executable files ending in "calc"

#+ in /bin and /usr/bin directories.

if [ -x "$file" ]

then

echo $file

done

# /bin/ipcalc

# /usr/bin/kcalc

# /usr/bin/oidcalc

# /usr/bin/oocalc

# Thank you, Rory Winston, for pointing this out.

,, ,

Lowercase conversion in parameter substitution (added in version 4 of Bash).

escape [backslash]. A quoting mechanism for single characters.

\X escapes the character X. This has the effect of "quoting" X, equivalent to 'X'. The \ may be used to

quote " and ', so they are expressed literally.

See Chapter 5 for an in-depth explanation of escaped characters.

Filename path separator [forward slash]. Separates the components of a filename (as in

/home/bozo/projects/Makefile).

This is also the division arithmetic operator.

command substitution. The `command` construct makes available the output of command for

assignment to a variable. This is also known as backquotes or backticks.

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 10

This applies to regular files, not pipes, symlinks, and certain special files.

May be used to begin a comment line, although this is not recommended. Using # for a comment

turns off error checking for the remainder of that line, so almost anything may appear in a comment.

However, this is not the case with :.

: This is a comment that generates an error, ( if [ $x -eq 3] ).

The ":" also serves as a field separator, in /etc/passwd, and in the $PATH variable.

bash$ echo $PATH

/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/games

reverse (or negate) the sense of a test or exit status [bang]. The ! operator inverts the exit status of

the command to which it is applied (see Example 6-2). It also inverts the meaning of a test operator.

This can, for example, change the sense of equal ( = ) to not-equal ( != ). The ! operator is a Bash

keyword.

In a different context, the ! also appears in indirect variable references.

In yet another context, from the command line, the ! invokes the Bash history mechanism (see

Appendix J). Note that within a script, the history mechanism is disabled.

wild card [asterisk]. The * character serves as a "wild card" for filename expansion in globbing. By

itself, it matches every filename in a given directory.

bash$ echo *

abs-book.sgml add-drive.sh agram.sh alias.sh

The * also represents any number (or zero) characters in a regular expression.

arithmetic operator. In the context of arithmetic operations, the * denotes multiplication.

** A double asterisk can represent the exponentiation operator or extended file-match globbing.

test operator. Within certain expressions, the ? indicates a test for a condition.

In a double-parentheses construct, the ? can serve as an element of a C-style trinary operator, ?:.

(( var0 = var1<98?9:21 ))

# ^ ^

# if [ "$var1" -lt 98 ]

# then

# var0=9

# else

# var0=21

# fi

In a parameter substitution expression, the ? tests whether a variable has been set.

wild card. The ? character serves as a single-character "wild card" for filename expansion in

globbing, as well as representing one character in an extended regular expression.

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 12

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