Oracle内置包完整指南2010版

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"Oracle Built-in Packages 完整电子版，由 Steven Feuerstein、Charles Dye 和 John Beresniewicz 编写，2010年出版，是一本适用于Oracle PL/SQL开发的手册。" Oracle Built-in Packages 是 Oracle 数据库系统中预定义的一系列包，它们提供了丰富的功能，允许开发人员执行各种数据库操作和管理任务。这些包在 PL/SQL 环境中使用，极大地扩展了 SQL 的能力，提高了开发效率。本书详细介绍了这些内置包的用法，是学习和使用 Oracle PL/SQL 开发的重要参考资料。作者 Steven Feuerstein 是 Oracle 技术的知名专家，他将此书献给了 Veva Silva。Charles Dye 和 John Beresniewicz 也分别为他们的亲人 Natalie 和 Arlene 献上了此书，显示了他们对技术的热情与个人情感的结合。书中包含的补充材料可以在 O'Reilly 的网站上找到，包括代码示例和可能随书附带的光盘内容。尽管大部分媒体内容可以通过免费下载获取，但某些内容可能受到许可限制。如果遇到任何问题或疑问，读者可以联系 [email protected]。本书的前言中提到，作者们在之前已经出版了超过 1,600 页关于 Oracle PL/SQL 的内容，这表明他们在该领域具有深厚的底蕴。Oracle Built-in Packages 的详细探讨，将涵盖如 DBMS_OUTPUT 用于调试，DBMS_LOCK 用于处理并发控制，DBMS_JOB 和 DBMS_SCHEDULER 用于计划任务，以及 DBMS_ALERT、DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO 等用于应用管理和通信的包。此外，书中可能还会讨论数据类型处理（如 DBMS_TYPES），数据库管理（如 DBMS_SPACE 和 DBMS_REDEFINITION），性能优化（如 DBMS_PROFILER 和 DBMS_STATS），以及错误处理和日志记录（如 DBMS_ERRLOG 和 DBMS_OUTPUT）。所有这些包都为开发者提供了强大的工具，帮助他们更好地理解和操作 Oracle 数据库。 "Oracle Built-in Packages" 是一本全面的指南，适合希望深入理解并有效利用 Oracle 内置包的开发人员。通过这本书，读者能够掌握如何利用这些预定义的包来解决实际问题，提高代码质量和数据库性能，从而提升自己的 Oracle PL/SQL 开发技能。

Of course, there was an awful lot youcouldn’tdo with PL /SQL 1.0—such as build complex,

robust, large-scale applications, or read and write operating system files, or manipulate data in

array structures, or debug your code effectively, or store your business formulas in reusable

program units.

Sure, life was simpler back when you were stuck with PL /SQL 1.0. You just too frequently told

your manager or your users that what they wanted done was, well, impossible. Fortunately, Oracle

recognized that it would be so much nicer for both its users and its bottom line if its bedrock

technology (most importantly, the Oracle RDBMS and PL /SQL) could actually meet user needs.

So it came out with PL /SQL Version 2 (which works with Version 7 of the Oracle Server) and

then, most recently, PL /SQL Version 8.0 (to accompany Oracle8). In each major version and its

sub-releases (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and, sometime in 1998, 8.1), Oracle has added major new functionality.

As a result, hundreds of thousands of software programmers now use PL /SQL to implement

sophisticated applications.

Easily the most important new feature of PL /SQL2 was the introduction of packages. Packages

(explored in more detail in the next section) allow you to collect together related program

elements and control access to those elements. Anyone who develops PL /SQL applications

should employ packages at the very core of their layers of reusable code—and Oracle Corporation

itself is no exception. Starting with PL /SQL 2.0 and continuing through every subsequent release,

Oracle has made available to PL /SQL developers a series ofbuilt-in packages, which extend the

functionality of PL /SQL in many fascinating and important directions.

It is no longer sufficient to be aware of and expert in only the core elements of PL /SQL. Getting a

handle on IF statements, loops, and the built-in functions like INSTR and TO_CHAR is now only

the first phase in your journey towards PL /SQL expertise. To take full advantage of the PL /SQL

language, developers must now also learn how to use the programs contained in the built-in

packages. And, believe me, once you make a few discoveries in these built-in packages, you will

be amazed— and you will be addicted. You will eagerly troll this book for features you can apply

in new and creative ways to solve your problems.

This first chapter introduces you to basic concepts of package usage in PL /SQL, shows you how

to use built-in packaged functionality in your programs, and explains how to find and learn from

the source code for these packages.

( ! '

Most of the built-in packages extend the PL /SQL language to support features that would

otherwise be unavailable to you. This is possible because when Oracle Corporation builds a

package, they have the luxury of writing elements of the package in C, giving them full access to

the underlying operating system and other areas of technology that are off-limits to the rest of us

poor PL /SQL programmers. The result is that Oracle is making something available to us which

we could not get ourselves, no matter how proficient a PL /SQL programmer we become.

[

]

However, I don’t want to sound as if I’m complaining. I’m very glad Oracle took advantage of

packages and C and whatever else they could (and not just because it gave me the excuse to write

another book!). The result is a much more powerful and useful PL /SQL. Let’s look at an example

to give you a feeling for the way Oracle used the package structure to revolutionize the code you

write.

Consider Oracle7 Server Version 7.1: the “Parallel Everything” database, as Oracle Corporation

called it in its marketing materials. Oracle 7.1 offered parallel query, parallel index update, and

many other features that take advantage of the symmetric multiprocessors widely available today.

This parallelization of the RDBMS offered significant improvements in database performance,

and we should all be glad for that. But there is, fortunately, so much more for which to be

thankful.

234 

Oracle Corporation didn’t simply utilize this parallelization technology inside its own code. It also

made this same technology available to us in a “safe” way: through the specification of the

DBMS_PIPE package. While DBMS_PIPE is probably not used by the Oracle Server itself, that

built-in package certainly accesses the same parallelization technology used by the RDBMS. The

advantages for a PL /SQL developer are far-reaching.

Even if DBMS_PIPE originally grew out of a need by Oracle Corporation to enhance its own

performance, the advantages of DBMS_PIPE are not confined to the Oracle RDBMS. Any

developer can use DBMS_PIPE in all sorts of new and creative ways. You can parallelize your

own programs. You can communicate between a client program in Oracle Forms and a server-

based process, without having to commit any data. You can build a debugger for your server-side

PL /SQL programs.

And, given the fact that the technology accessed by DBMS_PIPE is also used by the Oracle

Server, you are all but guaranteed that DBMS_PIPE will be very efficient and (relatively) bug-

free.

The DBMS_PIPE package is just one of many such mind- and functionality-expanding new

resources made available through the built-in packages. Do you need to issue your own locks? Do

you need to detect whether another process in your current session has committed data? Use the

DBMS_LOCK package. Do you want to issue messages from within your PL /SQL programs to

help trace and debug your program? Check out the DBMS_OUTPUT package. Would you like to

schedule jobs within the RDBMS itself? Explore the DBMS_ JOB package. The list goes on and

on, and is constantly growing. With the Oracle-supplied packages, you have at your disposal many

of the same tools available to the internal Oracle product developers. With these tools, you can do

things never before possible!

[

]

With Oracle8 and its support forexternal programs in PL /SQL, this is no longer quite true.

With PL /SQL8, you will be able to build your own packages that, in turn, call C programs.

See Chapter 21 ofOracle PL /SQL Programming, Second Edition, for more information about

this feature.

/ )/( 

Oracle Corporation provides many built-in packages, in a variety of its products. You may find it

hard to believe, but even this large book cannot documentallof those packages.Oracle

Developer/2000 contains a set of built-in packages, including DDE and TEXT_IO. Oracle

WebServer offers its own built-in packages, from HTP to OWA_UTIL, for use in web-based

development. This book doesnotdiscuss those packages. Instead, its focus is on the core database

built-in packages, generally those with a DBMS_ or UTL_ prefix.

Within that context, this book discusses all of the built-in packages that you are likely to use.

Although (as noted above) it does not offer descriptions for every single package ever created by

Oracle Corporation and stored in the database, I would be very surprised if you ever needed to use

one of the few packages not found in these pages. The rest of this section introduces you to the

packages covered in this book; I have organized these packages into three general areas:

Application development packages

Used primarily by developers as they build applications.

Server management packages

Used mostly by database administrators to manage their database servers.

Distributed database packages

Used by database administrators and developers to manage data across a distributed

enterprise.

It is, of course, quite possible and not uncommon for a DBA to use a package we have designated

in this book as an “application developer package.” In addition, a single package may contain both

administrative and development programs. These categories are not meant to restrict your use of

the built-in packages; instead, we hope to give some structure to a long, complex list of functional

areas so that you will be able to access the technology with more ease and minimal confusion.

The following sections briefly describe each of the packages found in the chapters of this

book.Table 1.1provides a quick summary. Some of these packages, or the programs within them,

are available only under certain Oracle versions, as explained in the following chapters.



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Oracle内置包完整指南2010版

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