ECONOMIC INDICATORS FOR EAST ASIA

INPUT–OUTPUT TABLES

DECEMBER 2020

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)

© 2020 Asian Development Bank

6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines

Tel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444

www.adb.org

Some rights reserved. Published in 2020.

ISBN 978-92-9262-530-6 (print); 978-92-9262-531-3 (electronic); 978-92-9262-532-0 (ebook)

Publication Stock No. TCS200241-2

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS200241-2

The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.

ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term country in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be bound by the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisions and terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess.

This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributed to another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it. ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material.

Please contact pubsmarketing@adb.org if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wish to obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to use the ADB logo.

Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda.

Note:

In this publication, $ refers to United States dollars.

Cover design by Nikko Antonio.

CONTENTS

TABLES AND FIGURES

FOREWORD

In the 1990s and early 2000s, trade was defined by global value chains. Automation and developments in transport, information, and communications technologies enabled firms to fragment their production processes across the globe to gain efficiencies from a broadened economic network. Participation in value chains became a more viable path toward economic and social transformation, especially for developing economies. Trade in tasks and inputs became as important as traditional trade in finished goods, and its measurement was seen as crucial in assessing economic performance and shaping policies.

Following more than a decade of generally unfettered growth, a series of economic crises and downturns created new challenges for the increasingly interconnected and interdependent economies. More recently, international trade tensions have disrupted production in major regional hubs, while the coronavirus disease pandemic continues to adversely impact consumption patterns, production, and supply and distribution chains in every economy. In a short period of time, the question has quickly shifted from How can we participate in global value chains? to How can we ensure a stable and resilient global economy, given increasing global value chain participation?

Answering the latter question heightens the demand for better and more timely statistics on the interrelationships between economies. Monitoring economic activities is not only essential for keeping track of development objectives, but also for safeguarding the beneficial outcomes from