Managing the Interface between Safety and Security for Normal Commercial Shipments of Radioactive Material

MANAGING THE INTERFACE

BETWEEN SAFETY AND

SECURITY FOR NORMAL

COMMERCIAL SHIPMENTS OF

RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL

TECHNICAL REPORTS SERIES No. 1001

Managing the Interface

between Safety and

Security for NORMAL

COMMERCIAL SHIPMENTS OF

Radioactive MATERIAL

INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY

VIENNA, 2021

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© IAEA, 2021

Printed by the IAEA in Austria

September 2021

STI/DOC/010/1001

IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Names: International Atomic Energy Agency.

Title: Managing the interface between safety and security for normal commercial shipments of radioactive material / International Atomic Energy Agency.

Description: Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2021. | Series: Technical reports series, ISSN 0074–1914 ; no. 1001 | Includes bibliographical references.

Identifiers: IAEAL 21-01407 | ISBN 978–92–0–106121–8 (paperback : alk. paper) | ISBN 978–92–0–106221–5 (pdf) | ISBN 978–92–0–106321–2 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: Radioactive substances — Transportation. | Radioactive substances — Transportation — Safety regulations. | Radioactive substances — Safety measures. | Radioactive substances — Security measures.

Classification: UDC 656.073 | STI/DOC/010/1001

FOREWORD

Through its nuclear security programme, the IAEA supports States to establish, maintain and sustain an effective nuclear security regime. The IAEA has adopted a comprehensive approach to nuclear security. This recognizes that an effective national nuclear security regime builds on the implementation of relevant international legal instruments; information protection; physical protection (security); material accounting and control; detection of and response to trafficking in such material; and national response plans and contingency measures. With its Nuclear Security Series, the IAEA aims at assisting States in implementing and sustaining such a regime in a coherent and integrated manner.

The IAEA Nuclear Security Series comprises Nuclear Security Fundamentals, which include the objective and essential elements of a State’s nuclear security regime; Recommendations; Implementing Guides; and Technical Guidance.

Similarly, through its nuclear safety programme, the IAEA has provided a reference set of transport safety requirements, known as the Transport Regulations (currently IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR-6 (Rev. 1), Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material), and a set of associated Safety Guides for the transport of radioactive material (which includes nuclear material). The Transport Regulations were first published in 1961, and multiple updated editions have been issued since; the associated Safety Guides have also been developed and updated during this time. The objective of SSR-6 (Rev. 1) is to protect people, property and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation during the transport of radioactive material. A graded approach is applied to the requirements for package designs, preparation for transport and the accumulation of packages on a conveyance, while considering specified routine, normal and accident conditions of transport.

The Transport Regulations have been adopted for more than sixty years by international modal organizations (those organizations that focus on a particular mode of transport) in rules governing transport by air, sea, road, rail, and inland waterways; by regional organizations; and by Member States in their national regulations for the safe transport of radioactive material. They have provided an exemplary record of safety during the worldwide transport of millions of packages of radioactive material.

Nuclear safety and nuclear security share the aim of protecting people, property and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation. However, the activities that address nuclear safety and nuclear security are different, and sometimes actions taken to strengthen safety affect security, either positively or negatively, or vice versa. It is therefore essential to establish a well coordinated approach to managing the interface between safety and security of radioactive material in transport so that relevant measures are implemented in a manner that does not compromise either nuclear safety or nuclear security and that capitalizes on opportunities for mutual enhancement.

This publication aims to provide technical guidelines and practical information based on international good practices to assist Member States, competent authorities and operators. Its goal is to facilitate management, in an integrated and coordinated manner, of the interface between nuclear safety and nuclear security during ‘normal commercial shipments’ of radioactive materials. The term ‘normal commercial shipments’ was chosen in order to define — for the purposes of this publication — shipments of radioactive material that pose a low risk of causing unacceptable radiological consequences if attacked by an adversary.

This publication was developed based on input from one IAEA technical meeting and five IAEA consultants meetings held from 2016 to 2018 and more than 200 comments provided by many reviewers. In these meetings and through these comments, the experience of Member States and non-governmental organizations was gathered, which provided the basis for the guidelines, approaches and examples used in this publication.

The IAEA wishes to thank the contributors to this publication for their efforts and valuable assistance. The IAEA officers responsible for this publication were D. Ladsous and M. Shannon of the Division of Nuclear Security, and S. Whittingham and C.S. Bajwa of the Division of Radiation, Transport, and Waste Safety.

EDITORIAL NOTE