C Program to Concatenate Two Strings Without Using strcat
String concatenation is the process of appending one string to the end of another. C language provides strcat() library function to concatenate string but in this article, we will learn how to concatenate two strings without using strcat() in C.
The most straightforward method to concatenate two strings without using strcat() is by using a loop. Let’s take a look at an example:
#include <stdio.h>
void concat(char *s1, char *s2) {
int i = 0;
// Move to the end of str1
while (s1[i] != '\0')
i++;
// Copy characters from str2 to str1
int j = 0;
while (s2[j] != '\0') {
s1[i] = s2[j];
i++;
j++;
}
// Null-terminate the concatenated string
s1[i] = '\0';
}
int main() {
char s1[50] = "Hello ";
char s2[] = "Geeks";
concat(s1, s2);
printf("%s", s1);
return 0;
}
void concat(char *s1, char *s2) { int i = 0; // Move to the end of str1 while (s1[i] != '\0') i++; // Copy characters from str2 to str1 int j = 0; while (s2[j] != '\0') { s1[i] = s2[j]; i++; j++; } // Null-terminate the concatenated string s1[i] = '\0';}int main() { char s1[50] = "Hello "; char s2[] = "Geeks"; concat(s1, s2); printf("%s", s1); return 0;}Output
Hello Geeks
Explanation: In this method, we iterate through the first string to find its end, then use a loop to append each character of the second string to the end of first string.
There are also a few other methods in C to concatenate two strings without using strcat. Some of them are as follows:
Table of Content
Using Pointers
In this method, we use pointer arithmetic to traverse and concatenate the two strings. First, move the pointer to the end of the first string, then copy each character from second string one by one.
#include <stdio.h>
void concat(char *s1, char *s2) {
// Move the pointer to the end of str1
while (*s1)
s1++;
// Copy characters from s1 to s1 using
// pointer arithmetic
while (*s2) {
*s1 = *s2;
s1++;
s2++;
}
*s1 = '\0';
}
int main() {
char s1[50] = "Hello ";
char s2[] = "Geeks";
// Concat string s1 and s2
concat(s1, s2);
printf("%s", s1);
return 0;
}
void concat(char *s1, char *s2) { // Move the pointer to the end of str1 while (*s1) s1++; // Copy characters from s1 to s1 using // pointer arithmetic while (*s2) { *s1 = *s2; s1++; s2++; } *s1 = '\0';}int main() { char s1[50] = "Hello "; char s2[] = "Geeks"; // Concat string s1 and s2 concat(s1, s2); printf("%s", s1); return 0;}Output
Hello Geeks
This method is efficient because it directly works with memory addresses and does not require array indexing, making it a bit more low-level.
Using memcpy()
The memcpy() is a function in C that copies a block of memory from a source location to a destination. It can be used to copy the second-string memory at the end of first string.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void concat(char *s1, const char *s2) {
// Copy s2 to the end of s1 using memcpy()
memcpy(s1 + strlen(s1), s2, strlen(s2) + 1);
}
int main() {
char s1[50] = "Hello";
char s2[] = " Geeks";
// Concatenate using memcpy()
concat(s1, s2);
printf("%s", s1);
return 0;
}
void concat(char *s1, const char *s2) { // Copy s2 to the end of s1 using memcpy() memcpy(s1 + strlen(s1), s2, strlen(s2) + 1);}int main() { char s1[50] = "Hello"; char s2[] = " Geeks"; // Concatenate using memcpy() concat(s1, s2); printf("%s", s1); return 0;}Output
Hello Geeks
Using sprintf()
The sprintf() function in C can write a formatted string to a string buffer. It can be used to concatenate string by formatting second string at the end of the first string by treating it as a string buffer.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char s1[50] = "Hello ";
char s2[] = "Geeks";
// Concatenate s2 to s1 using sprintf
sprintf(s1 + strlen(s1), "%s", s2);
printf("%s", s1);
return 0;
}
int main() { char s1[50] = "Hello "; char s2[] = "Geeks"; // Concatenate s2 to s1 using sprintf sprintf(s1 + strlen(s1), "%s", s2); printf("%s", s1); return 0;}Output
Hello Geeks
