CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes
Last Updated :
22 Apr, 2025
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes 2023-24 is a comprehensive guide for CBSE Class 11 students. The class 11 syllabus is designed to provide students with a strong foundation in the basic principles of physics, including Measurement, Vectors, Kinematics, Dynamics, Rotational Motion, Laws of Motion, and Gravitation, and to encourage them to think scientifically. Our Class 11 Physics Notes help students study smartly and get a clear picture of every concept discussed in their syllabus. The notes also contain neatly illustrated examples for quick revision of important topics from NCERT, as well as some sample questions to aid better understanding.
GeeksforGeeks has created a new approach to school learning. Physics has been among the crucial subjects of the Class 11 Science Syllabus. It helps students in improving their understanding of fascinating concepts. The following chapter-wise CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes consist of 15 chapters including Measurement, Vectors, Kinematics, Dynamics, Rotational Motion, Laws of Motion, Gravitation, and Waves which are further equipped with various concepts, everyday life examples, conceptual questions, and numerical on the same, to understand better and solve problems easily. GeeksforGeeks prepared in-depth subject theory to have a solid foundation in Class 11 Physics. The below-listed articles are designed in such a way that you can study everything according to your NCERT textbook or reference books.
Thus, we have covered all chapters, with detailed explanations of concepts, and examples, and solved problems on them.
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes 2023-24 Chapter List
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes 2023-24 Chapter List |
|---|
| Chapter 1: Physical World |
| Chapter 2: Units and Measurement |
| Chapter 3: Motion in a Straight Line |
| Chapter 4: Motion in a Plane |
| Chapter 5: Laws of Motion |
| Chapter 6: Work, Energy and Power |
| Chapter 7: Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion |
| Chapter 8: Gravitation |
| Chapter 9: Mechanical Properties of Solids |
| Chapter 10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids |
| Chapter 11: Thermal Properties of Matter |
| Chapter 12: Thermodynamics |
| Chapter 13: Kinetic Theory |
| Chapter 14: Oscillations |
| Chapter 15: Waves |
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes Chapter 1 - Physical World
The first chapter in Class 11 Physics is the Physical World. The physical world is referred to as the complexity in nature and solving its own complexities will give us new insights into this physical world. It is referred to as the analysis of nature conducted in order to understand how the world around us performs. We have covered some crucial topics like the relationship of Physics with other sciences, Fundamental Forces of nature, and many more in the articles listed below:
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes Chapter 2 - Units and Measurement
Units and Measurement is the second chapter in the Physics curriculum of Class 11, which is the most basic and crucial chapter because it works everywhere in Physics. Units and measurements which are given in the class 11 physics textbook offer basic knowledge about how the quantities are measured and the types of units that are used with them. Therefore, we have covered topics like the System of units, errors in measurements significant figures, dimensional analysis, etc are listed below:
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes Chapter 3 - Motion in a Straight Line
The third chapter is Motion in a straight line. This is the first chapter of kinematics in the Physics syllabus of Class 11. GeeksforGeeks Class 11 Physics Notes covers the essential terms related to kinematics like Motion in one dimension and important terms related to it, Rest and Motion, Position, distance, and placement, Difference between speed and velocity, etc along with solved conceptual and numerical problems on it.
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes Chapter 4 - Motion in a Plane
The fourth chapter in Class 11 Physics is Motion in a Plane. Motion in a plane is the motion in 2 dimensions, for instance, projectile motion, circular motion, and so on. GeeksforGeeks Class 11 Physics Notes on Motion in a Plane cover the basics of motion in two dimensions, Scalar and vector-unit vector, parallel vectors, Addition, subtraction, and scalar multiplication of vectors, Average and instantaneous velocity, Position vector and displacement, Projectile motion and many more others that are listed below:
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes Chapter 5 - Laws of Motion
Laws of motion is an important chapter of Class 11 Physics. In our crucial 11th Class Physics Notes, you will understand what is force and the laws of motion. The chapter covers the definition of force and basic forces, Newton’s law of motion, Linear momentum, Principle of conservation of momentum.
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes Chapter 6 - Work, Energy and Power
Chapter 6 in the Physics curriculum of Class 11 is Work Energy and Power. This is one of the most important and basic that have many formulas and equations on Work, Power, and Energy. Work is said to be done when a force applied on the body displaces the body through a certain distance in the direction of the force. These topic-wise concepts in the Chapter Work, Energy and Power help to understand the concept of Work and dimensions of the unit of work, different forms of energies like Potential Energy and Kinetic energy, and their relationship with momentum. The most useful topics like Mass-energy relationships, Power, etc are discussed in a detailed manner in the articles listed below:
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes Chapter 7 - Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion
Physics class 11 has a Seventh Chapter named Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion based on the Syllabus. GeeksforGeeks provide detailed knowledge of how the system of particles moves in our daily lives. The main focus is on the Topics of Kinematics of a system of particles, Various types of motions like translational motion, rotational motion, and rotational plus translational motion Rotational dynamics. This comprises of Newton’s laws, the moment of inertia, and theorems related to these concepts, Angular momentum, impulse, etc are discussed in the following articles as mentioned below:
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes Chapter 8 - Gravitation
Gravitation is the Eighth Chapter in the Class 11 Physics Syllabus. In GeeksforGeeks Physics Notes, this Chapter contains an explanation on the topics like the law of gravitation given by Newton and many examples and problems that will clarify this law to the students. Topics Like Newton’s law of gravitation, Variation in g based on the distance of the object above the earth’s surface, Satellite - How a satellite is projected to form a circular orbit around a planet, Escape velocity, Period of revolution of a satellite is discussed in depth in the articles listed as:
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes Chapter 9 - Mechanical Properties of Solids
The Chapter Ninth is Mechanical Properties of Solids in the Class 11 Physics. GeeksforGeeks crucial Physics notes for this chapter help students to understand how even rigid bodies can be bent and stretched by applying sufficient external force. As part of this chapter, learners may also learn about Deforming force, Elasticity, Stress, Perfect elastic body, Types of stress - Longitudinal, Tangential or shearing, Normal, Hooke’s law, etc as listed below:
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes Chapter 10 - Mechanical Properties of Fluids
Mechanical Properties of Fluids is the Tenth Chapter in Class 11 Physics. GeeksforGeeks Class 11 Notes of Physics Chapter 10 explain Pascal’s and Archimedes' principles related to fluid dynamics. Here is a synopsis of what a learner may learn here in this chapter: Fluid mechanics - fluid pressure, atmospheric pressure, Pascal’s law, Archimedes Principle, Fluid dynamics - steady flow, line of flow, The velocity of Efflux, Bernoulli’s theorem, Viscosity, Stoke's Law, etc.
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes Chapter 11 - Thermal Properties of Matter
In Class 11, the Eleventh Chapter in the Physics curriculum is the Thermal Properties of Matter. GeeksforGeeks's important Class 11 Physics Notes of the matter's thermal properties may take readers through a detailed course on heat and thermodynamics. A learner may learn about the rules and theorems like thermal properties of matter, temperature, heat, absolute temperature scale, and measurement of temperature, Thermal expansion, Heat transfer - Conduction, Convection, and Radiation, Newton’s law of cooling, etc are discussed in the articles listed below:
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes Chapter 12 - Thermodynamics
In GeeksforGeeks Class 11 Physics Notes of Chapter 12, students learned about the interrelation between heat and other forms of energy. It covers key concepts like Thermal equilibrium, Heat, work, and internal energy, Important thermodynamic terms like static variables, equation of state, Quasi-static process, Isothermal process, the first law of thermodynamics, and its applications along with different Engines and Cycles as listed below:
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes Chapter 13 - Kinetic Theory
Chapter 13 in Class 11 Physics Notes is about Kinetic theory. The crucial Notes provided by GeeksforGeeks on kinetic theory teach students about important topics like the definition of kinetic theory, the Molecular nature of matter, Dalton’s atomic theory, Avogadro’s law, Gay Lussac’s law, Molecular structure of solids, liquids, and gases. The behaviour of gases and the perfect gas equation, Deduction of Boyle’s and Charle’s Laws, and Mean free path is also discussed in the articles listed below:
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes Chapter 14 - Oscillations
Chapter 14 in the Class 11 Physics Syllabus is Oscillations. Oscillation is the process of moving back and forth regularly. The Physics Class 11 Notes introduced by GeekssforGeeks teaches readers about what oscillation is and the different types of oscillations. Students can learn the topics like oscillation and waves, Important terms related to oscillation like amplitude, period, acceleration, etc. The time of simple harmonic motion, Damped and forced oscillations are also discussed in these notes as listed below:
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes Chapter 15 - Waves
The last and fifteenth Chapter in Class 11 Physics is Waves. A wave is a disturbance that travels propagates and transports energy and momentum without the transport of matter. GeeksforGeeks Class 11 Physics Notes covers important topics like the concept of waves, reflection of waves, speed of waves, and Principle of superposition of waves. Our Notes also contains solved conceptual questions on each of the topic listed below:
Conclusion
CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes is an essential tool for Class 11 Students for their Exam preparation. With our CBSE Science Notes, Students can easily focus on physics and Important NCERT topics and retain knowledge effectively. The well-crafted notes, with neat examples, provide a complete overview of All chapters for quick revision. By using our CBSE class 11 science notes, students can achieve higher marks in exams and experience a smooth learning journey.
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CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes
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Chapter 1 - UNITS AND MEASUREMENT
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System of Units
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Significant Figures
In Order to find the value of different sizes and compare them, measurement is used. Measuring things is not only a concept but also practically used in everyday life, for example, a milkman measures milk before selling it in order to make sure the correct amount is served, A tailor always measures
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Units and Dimensions
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Dimensional Formula
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Dimensional Analysis
Most of the physical things are measurable in this world. The system developed by humans to measure these things is called the measuring system. Every measurement has two parts, a number (n) and a unit(u). The unit describes the number, what this number is and what it signifies. For example, 46 cm,
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Chapter 2 - MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
What is Motion?
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Instantaneous Velocity Formula
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Instantaneous Speed Formula
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Acceleration
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Uniform Acceleration
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Relative Velocity Formula
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Chapter 3 - MOTION IN A Plane
Scalar and Vector
Scalar and Vector Quantities are used to describe the motion of an object. Scalar Quantities are defined as physical quantities that have magnitude or size only. For example, distance, speed, mass, density, etc.However, vector quantities are those physical quantities that have both magnitude and dir
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Product of Vectors
Vector operations are used almost everywhere in the field of physics. Many times these operations include addition, subtraction, and multiplication. Addition and subtraction can be performed using the triangle law of vector addition. In the case of products, vector multiplication can be done in two
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Vector Operations
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Resolution of Vectors
Vector Resolution is splitting a vector into its components along different coordinate axes. When a vector is expressed in terms of its components, it becomes easier to analyze its effects in different directions. This process is particularly useful when dealing with vector quantities such as forces
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Vector Addition
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Projectile Motion
Projectile motion refers to the curved path an object follows when it is thrown or projected into the air and moves under the influence of gravity. In this motion, the object experiences two independent motions: horizontal motion (along the x-axis) and vertical motion (along the y-axis). Projectile
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Chapter 4 - LAWS OF MOTION
Newton's Laws of Motion | Formula, Examples and Questions
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Law of Inertia
Isaac Newton's first law of motion, also called the Law of Inertia, is one of the most important ideas in physics. But before we talk about the law, let’s first understand inertia. Inertia is just a fancy word for the idea that things don’t like to change their state. If something is sitting still,
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Newton's First Law of Motion
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Newton's Second Law of Motion: Definition, Formula, Derivation, and Applications
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Newton's Third Law of Motion
When you jump, you feel the gravitational force pulling you down towards the Earth. But did you know that at the same time, you are exerting an equal force on the Earth? This phenomenon is explained by Newton's Third Law of Motion. Newton's Third Law of MotionNewton's Third Law of Motion is a founda
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Conservation of Momentum
Assume a fast truck collides with a stopped automobile, causing the automobile to begin moving. What exactly is going on behind the scenes? In this case, as the truck's velocity drops, the automobile's velocity increases, and therefore the momentum lost by the truck is acquired by the automobile. Wh
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Static Equilibrium
Static Equilibrium refers to the physical state of an object when it is at rest and no external force or torque is applied to it. In Static Equilibrium, the word 'static' refers to the body being at rest and the word 'equilibrium' refers to the state where all opposing forces cancel out each other a
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Types of Forces
Forces are an external cause that makes a body move, stop, and increase its velocity and other. There are various types of forces in physics and they are generally classified into two categories that are, Contact Force and Non Contact Force. In general, we define a push and pull as a force, and forc
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Friction
Friction in Physics is defined as a type of force that always opposes the motion of the object on which it is applied. Suppose we kick a football and it rolls for some distance and eventually it stops after rolling for some time. This is because of the friction force between the ball and the ground.
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Rolling Friction
Rolling Friction is a frictional force that opposes rolling objects. Rolling friction is applicable where the body moves along its curved surfaces. For example, wheels in vehicles, ball bearings, etc. are examples of rolling friction. In this article, we will learn about rolling friction, its defini
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Circular Motion
Circular Motion is defined as the movement of an object rotating along a circular path. Objects in a circular motion can be performing either uniform or non-uniform circular motion. Motion of a car on a bank road, the motion of a bike, the well of death, etc. are examples of circular motion.In this
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Solving Problems in Mechanics
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Chapter 5 - WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
Energy
Energy in Physics is defined as the capacity of a body to do work. It is the capacity to complete a work. Energy can be broadly categorized into two categories, Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy. The capacity of an object to do the work is called the Energy. In this article, we will learn about, E
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Work Energy Theorem
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Work - Definition, Formula, Types of Work, Sample Problems
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Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy is the energy associated with an object moving with a velocity. For an object of mass m and velocity, its kinetic energy is half of the product of the mass of the object with the square of its velocity. In our daily life, we observe kinetic energy while walking, cycling, throwing a ba
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Work Done by a Variable Force
Usually, a dancing person is considered to be more energetic compared to a sitting person. A security guard who has been standing at his place the whole day has been working for hours. In real life, this seems obvious, but these terms and definitions work differently when it comes to physics. In phy
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Potential Energy
Potential energy in physics is the energy that an object possesses as a result of its position. The term Potential Energy was first introduced by a well-known physicist William Rankine, in the 19th century. Gravitational Potential Energy, the elastic potential energy of an elastic spring, and the el
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Mechanical Energy Formula
Mechanical Energy - When a force operates on an object to displace it, it is said that work is performed. Work entails the use of a force to shift an object. The object will gather energy after the job is completed on it. Mechanical energy is the amount of energy acquired by a working object. The me
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Potential Energy of a Spring
A spring is used in almost every mechanical aspect of our daily lives, from the shock absorbers of a car to a gas lighter in the kitchen. Spring is used because of their property to get deformed and come back to their natural state again. Whenever a spring is stretched or compressed, a force is expe
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Power
Power in Physics is defined as the time rate of the amount of energy converted or transferred. In the SI system (or International System of Units), Watt (W) is the unit of Power. Watt is equal to one joule per second. In earlier studies, power is sometimes called Activity. Power is a scalar quantity
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Collision Theory
Collision Theory says that when particles collide (strike) each other, a chemical reaction occurs. However, this is necessary but may not be a sufficient condition for the chemical reaction. The collision of molecules must be sufficient to produce the desired products following the chemical reaction
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Collisions in Two Dimensions
A Collision occurs when a powerful force strikes on two or more bodies in a relatively short period of time. Collision is a one-time occurrence. As a result of the collision, the involved particles' energy and momentum change. The collision may occur as a result of actual physical contact between th
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Chapter 6 - SYSTEMS OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION
Concepts of Rotational Motion
Rotational motion refers to the movement of an object around a fixed axis. It is a complex concept that requires an understanding of several related concepts. Some of the important concepts related to rotational motion include angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration, torque, the
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Motion of a Rigid Body
A rigid body is a solid body that has little to no deformation when a force is applied. When forces are applied to such bodies, they come to translational and rotational motion. These forces change the momentum of the system. Rigid bodies are found almost everywhere in real life, all the objects fou
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Centre of Mass
Centre of Mass is the point of anybody where all the mass of the body is concentrated. For the sake of convenience in Newtonian Physics, we take the body as the point object where all its mass is concentrated at the centre of mass of the body. The centre of mass of the body is a point that can be on
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Motion of Center of Mass
Center of Mass is an important property of any rigid body system. Usually, these systems contain more than one particle. It becomes essential to analyze these systems as a whole. To perform calculations of mechanics, these bodies must be considered as a single-point mass. The Center of mass denotes
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Linear Momentum of a System of Particles
The mass (m) and velocity (v) of an item are used to calculate linear momentum. It is more difficult to halt an item with more momentum. p = m v is the formula for linear momentum. Conservation of momentum refers to the fact that the overall quantity of momentum never changes. Let's learn more about
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Relation between Angular Velocity and Linear Velocity
Motion is described as a change in position over a period of time. In terms of physics and mechanics, this is called velocity. It is defined as the change in position over a period. Rotational Motion is concerned with the bodies which are moving around a fixed axis. These bodies in rotation motion o
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Angular Acceleration
Angular acceleration is the change in angular speed per unit of time. It can also be defined as the rate of change of angular acceleration. It is represented by the Greek letter alpha (α). The SI unit for the measurement of, Angular Acceleration is radians per second squared (rad/s2). In this articl
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Torque and Angular Momentum
For a rigid body, motion is generally both rotational and translation. If the body is fixed at one point, the motion is usually rotational. It is known that force is needed to change the translatory state of the body and to provide it with linear acceleration. Torque and angular momentum are rotatio
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Torque
Torque is the effect of force when it is applied to an object containing a pivot point or the axis of rotation (the point at which an object rotates), which results in the form of rotational motion of the object. The Force causes objects to accelerate in the linear direction in which the force is ap
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Angular Momentum
Angular Momentum is a kinematic characteristic of a system with one or more point masses. Angular momentum is sometimes called Rotational Momentum or Moment of Momentum, which is the rotational equivalent of linear momentum. It is an important physical quantity as it is conserved for a closed system
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Equilibrium of Bodies
The laws of motion, which are the foundation of old-style mechanics, are three explanations that portray the connections between the forces following up on a body and its movement. They were first expressed by English physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton. The motion of an item is related to the
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Moment of Inertia
Moment of inertia is the property of a body in rotational motion. Moment of Inertia is the property of the rotational bodies which tends to oppose the change in rotational motion of the body. It is similar to the inertia of any body in translational motion. Mathematically, the Moment of Inertia is g
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Kinematics of Rotational Motion
It is not difficult to notice the analogous nature of rotational motion and kinematic motion. The terms of angular velocity and angular acceleration remind us of linear velocity and acceleration. So, similar to the kinematic equation of motion. Equations of rotational motion can also be defined. Suc
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Dynamics of Rotational Motion
Rigid bodies can move both in translation and rotation. As a result, in such circumstances, both the linear and angular velocities must be examined. To make these difficulties easier to understand, it is needed to separately define the translational and rotational motions of the body. The dynamics o
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Angular Momentum in Case of Rotation About a Fixed Axis
Imagine riding a bicycle. As you pedal, the wheels start spinning, and their speed depends on how fast you pedal. If you suddenly stop pedaling, the wheels keep rotating for a while before gradually slowing down. This phenomenon occurs due to rotational motion, where the spinning wheels possess angu
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Chapter 7 - GRAVITATION
Gravitational Force
Have you ever wondered why the Earth revolves around the Sun and not the other way around? Or why does the Moon remain in orbit instead of crashing into Earth? If the Earth pulls the Moon and the Moon pulls the Earth, shouldn’t they just come together? What keeps them apart?All these questions can b
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Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion
Kepler's law of planetary motion is the basic law that is used to define the motion of planets around the stars. These laws work in parallel with Newton's Law and Gravitation Law and are helpful in studying the motion of various planetary objects. Kepeler's law provides three basic laws which are, K
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Acceleration due to Gravity
Acceleration due to gravity (or acceleration of gravity) or gravity acceleration is the acceleration caused by the gravitational force of attraction of large bodies. As we know that the term acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity with respect to a given time. Scientists like Sir I
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What is the Acceleration due to Gravity on Earth ?
Take something in your hand and toss it down. Its speed is zero when you free it from your grip. Its pace rises as it descends. It flies faster the longer it goes. This sounds like acceleration. Acceleration, on the other hand, implies more than just rising speed. Pick up the same object and throw i
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Gravitational Potential Energy
The energy possessed by objects due to changes in their position in a gravitational field is called Gravitational Potential Energy. It is the energy of the object due to the gravitational forces. The work done per unit mass to bring the body from infinity to a location inside the gravitational field
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Escape Velocity
Escape velocity as the name suggests, is the velocity required by an object to escape from the gravitational barrier of any celestial object. "What happens when you throw a stone upward in the air?" The stone comes back to the Earth's surface. If we throw the stone with a much higher force still it
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Artificial Satellites
When looked at the night sky many heavenly bodies like stars, moon, satellites, etc are observed in the sky. Satellites are small objects revolving or orbiting around a planet or on object larger than it. The most commonly observed and known satellite is the moon, the moon is the satellite of Earth,
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Binding Energy of Satellites
Humans learn early in life that all material items have a natural tendency to gravitate towards the earth. Anything thrown up falls to the ground, traveling uphill is much more exhausting than walking downhill, Rains from the clouds above fall to the ground, and there are several additional examples
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Chapter 8 - Mechanical Properties of Solids
Stress and Strain
Stress and Strain are the two terms in Physics that describe the forces causing the deformation of objects. Deformation is known as the change of the shape of an object by applications of force. The object experiences it due to external forces; for example, the forces might be like squeezing, squash
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Hooke's Law
Hooke's law provides a relation between the stress applied to any material and the strain observed by the material. This law was proposed by English scientist Robert Hooke. Let's learn about Hooke's law, its application, and others, in detail in this article. What is Hooke’s Law?According to Hooke's
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Stress-Strain Curve
Stress-Strain Curve is a very crucial concept in the study of material science and engineering. It describes the relationship between stress and the strain applied on an object. We know that stress is the applied force on the material, and strain, is the resulting change (deformation or elongation)
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Modulus of Elasticity
Modulus of Elasticity or Elastic Modulus is the measurement of resistance offered by a material against the deformation force acting on it. Modulus of Elasticity is also called Young's Modulus. It is given as the ratio of Stress to Strain. The unit of elastic modulus is megapascal or gigapascal Modu
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Elastic Behavior of Materials
Solids are made up of atoms based on their atomic elasticity (or molecules). They are surrounded by other atoms of the same kind, which are maintained in equilibrium by interatomic forces. When an external force is applied, these particles are displaced, causing the solid to deform. When the deformi
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Chapter 9 - Mechanical Properties of Fluids