Check if concatenation of first and last digits forms a prime number or not for each array element

Last Updated : 13 Dec, 2021

Given an array Q[] consisting of N integers, the task for each element of the array Q[] is to check whether any of the numbers, formed by concatenating the first and the last digits of Q[i] is a prime number or not.

Examples:

Input: Q[] = {30, 66}
Output:
True
False
Explanation:
Q[0]: Possible combinations are 3 and 30. Since 3 is a prime number, the output is True.
Q[1]: Only possible combination is 66, which is not a prime number. Hence, the output is False.

Input: Q[] = {2127, 13}
Output:
False
True
Explanation:
Q[0]: Possible combinations are 27 and 72. Since none of them is a prime number, the output is False.
Q[1]: Possible combinations are 13 and 31. Since both of them are prime numbers, the output is True.

Approach: The problem can be solved efficiently using the Sieve of Eratosthenes. Follow the steps below to solve the given problem:

Since the highest number possible by combining a pair of digits is 99, pre-compute and store all prime numbers up to 99 using Sieve of Eratosthenes and store it in a boolean array, say prime[], where prime[i] = 0 (non-prime) and 1 (prime).
Traverse the array Q[], and perform the following steps:
- Extract the last digit of Q[i] by performing Q[i] % 10 and store it in a variable, say last.
- Extract the first digit of Q[i] by continuously dividing Q[i] by 10 until Q[i] reduces to less than 10 and store it in a variable, say first.
- Now, generate the two possible combinations:
  - first * 10 + last.
  - last * 10 + first.
- For each of the above two combinations, check if any of them is a prime number or not.
- If any of the numbers formed are found to be prime then print True, otherwise False.

Below is the implementation of the above approach.

C++

// C++ program for the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Stores if i is prime (1)
// or non-prime(0)
int sieve[105];
 
// Function to build sieve array
void buildSieve()
{
    // Initialize all the values
    // in sieve equals to 1
    for (int i = 2; i < 100; i++)
        sieve[i] = 1;
 
    // Sieve of Eratosthenes
    for (int i = 2; i < 100; i++) {
 
        // If current number is prime
        if (sieve[i] == 1) {
 
            // Set all multiples as non-prime
            for (int j = i * i; j < 100; j += i)
                sieve[j] = 0;
        }
    }
}
 
// Function to check if the numbers formed
// by combining first and last digits
// generates a prime number or not
bool isAnyPrime(int first, int last)
{
    int num1 = first * 10 + last;
    int num2 = last * 10 + first;
 
    // Check if any of the numbers
    // formed is a prime number or not
    if (sieve[num1] == 1 || sieve[num2] == 1)
        return true;
    else
        return false;
}
 
void performQueries(vector<int> q)
{
 
    // Traverse the array of queries
    for (int i = 0; i < q.size(); i++) {
        int A = q[i];
 
        // Extract the last digit
        int last = A % 10;
 
        // Extract the first digit
        int first;
        while (A >= 10)
            A = A / 10;
        first = A;
 
        // If any of the two
        // numbers is prime
        if (isAnyPrime(first, last))
            cout << "True\n";
 
        // Otherwise
        else
            cout << "False\n";
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    vector<int> q = { 30, 66 };
 
    // Computes and stores
    // primes using Sieve
    buildSieve();
 
    // Function call to perform queries
    performQueries(q);
 
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program for the above approach
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class GFG 
{
 
// Stores if i is prime (1)
// or non-prime(0)
static int[] sieve = new int[105];
 
// Function to build sieve array
static void buildSieve()
{
   
    // Initialize all the values
    // in sieve equals to 1
    for (int i = 2; i < 100; i++)
        sieve[i] = 1;
 
    // Sieve of Eratosthenes
    for (int i = 2; i < 100; i++) {
 
        // If current number is prime
        if (sieve[i] == 1) {
 
            // Set all multiples as non-prime
            for (int j = i * i; j < 100; j += i)
                sieve[j] = 0;
        }
    }
}
 
// Function to check if the numbers formed
// by combining first and last digits
// generates a prime number or not
static boolean isAnyPrime(int first, int last)
{
    int num1 = first * 10 + last;
    int num2 = last * 10 + first;
 
    // Check if any of the numbers
    // formed is a prime number or not
    if (sieve[num1] == 1 || sieve[num2] == 1)
        return true;
    else
        return false;
}
 
static void performQueries(int[] q)
{
 
    // Traverse the array of queries
    for (int i = 0; i < q.length; i++) {
        int A = q[i];
 
        // Extract the last digit
        int last = A % 10;
 
        // Extract the first digit
        int first;
        while (A >= 10)
            A = A / 10;
        first = A;
 
        // If any of the two
        // numbers is prime
        if (isAnyPrime(first, last))
            System.out.println("True\n");
 
        // Otherwise
        else
            System.out.print("False\n");
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int[] q = { 30, 66 };
 
    // Computes and stores
    // primes using Sieve
    buildSieve();
 
    // Function call to perform queries
    performQueries(q);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by susmitakundugoaldanga.

Python3

# Python 3 program for the above approach
 
# Stores if i is prime (1)
# or non-prime(0)
sieve = [0 for i in range(105)]
 
# Function to build sieve array
def buildSieve():
    global sieve
     
    # Initialize all the values
    # in sieve equals to 1
    for i in range(2, 100):
        sieve[i] = 1
 
    # Sieve of Eratosthenes
    for i in range(2, 100):
       
        # If current number is prime
        if (sieve[i] == 1):
           
            # Set all multiples as non-prime
            for j in range( i* i, 100, i):
                sieve[j] = 0
 
# Function to check if the numbers formed
# by combining first and last digits
# generates a prime number or not
def isAnyPrime(first, last):
    global sieve
    num1 = first * 10 + last
    num2 = last * 10 + first
 
    # Check if any of the numbers
    # formed is a prime number or not
    if (sieve[num1] == 1 or sieve[num2] == 1):
        return True
    else:
        return False
 
def performQueries(q):
   
    # Traverse the array of queries
    for i in range(len(q)):
        A = q[i]
 
        # Extract the last digit
        last = A % 10
 
        # Extract the first digit
        first = 0
        while (A >= 10):
            A = A // 10
        first = A
 
        # If any of the two
        # numbers is prime
        if (isAnyPrime(first, last)):
            print("True")
 
        # Otherwise
        else:
            print("False")
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    q =  [30, 66]
 
    # Computes and stores
    # primes using Sieve
    buildSieve()
 
    # Function call to perform queries
    performQueries(q)
     
    # This code is contributed by bgangwar59.

C#

// C# program for above approach
/*package whatever //do not write package name here */
using System;
public class GFG 
{
   
// Stores if i is prime (1)
// or non-prime(0)
static int[] sieve = new int[105];
 
// Function to build sieve array
static void buildSieve()
{
   
    // Initialize all the values
    // in sieve equals to 1
    for (int i = 2; i < 100; i++)
        sieve[i] = 1;
 
    // Sieve of Eratosthenes
    for (int i = 2; i < 100; i++)
    {
 
        // If current number is prime
        if (sieve[i] == 1)
        {
 
            // Set all multiples as non-prime
            for (int j = i * i; j < 100; j += i)
                sieve[j] = 0;
        }
    }
}
 
// Function to check if the numbers formed
// by combining first and last digits
// generates a prime number or not
static bool isAnyPrime(int first, int last)
{
    int num1 = first * 10 + last;
    int num2 = last * 10 + first;
 
    // Check if any of the numbers
    // formed is a prime number or not
    if (sieve[num1] == 1 || sieve[num2] == 1)
        return true;
    else
        return false;
}
 
static void performQueries(int[] q)
{
 
    // Traverse the array of queries
    for (int i = 0; i < q.Length; i++) {
        int A = q[i];
 
        // Extract the last digit
        int last = A % 10;
 
        // Extract the first digit
        int first;
        while (A >= 10)
            A = A / 10;
        first = A;
 
        // If any of the two
        // numbers is prime
        if (isAnyPrime(first, last))
            Console.Write("True\n");
 
        // Otherwise
        else
            Console.Write("False\n");
    }
}
 
// Driver code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    int[] q = { 30, 66 };
 
    // Computes and stores
    // primes using Sieve
    buildSieve();
 
    // Function call to perform queries
    performQueries(q);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by code_hunt.

Javascript

<script>
// javascript program for the above approach
 
// Stores if i is prime (1)
// or non-prime(0)
var sieve = Array.from({length: 105}, (_, i) => 0);
 
// Function to build sieve array
function buildSieve()
{
   
    // Initialize all the values
    // in sieve equals to 1
    for (i = 2; i < 100; i++)
        sieve[i] = 1;
 
    // Sieve of Eratosthenes
    for (i = 2; i < 100; i++) {
 
        // If current number is prime
        if (sieve[i] == 1) {
 
            // Set all multiples as non-prime
            for (j = i * i; j < 100; j += i)
                sieve[j] = 0;
        }
    }
}
 
// Function to check if the numbers formed
// by combining first and last digits
// generates a prime number or not
function isAnyPrime(first , last)
{
    var num1 = first * 10 + last;
    var num2 = last * 10 + first;
 
    // Check if any of the numbers
    // formed is a prime number or not
    if (sieve[num1] == 1 || sieve[num2] == 1)
        return true;
    else
        return false;
}
 
function performQueries(q)
{
 
    // Traverse the array of queries
    for (i = 0; i < q.length; i++) {
        var A = q[i];
 
        // Extract the last digit
        var last = A % 10;
 
        // Extract the first digit
        var first;
        while (A >= 10)
            A = A / 10;
        first = A;
 
        // If any of the two
        // numbers is prime
        if (isAnyPrime(first, last))
            document.write("True<br>");
 
        // Otherwise
        else
            document.write("False");
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
var q = [ 30, 66 ];
 
// Computes and stores
// primes using Sieve
buildSieve();
 
// Function call to perform queries
performQueries(q);
 
// This code is contributed by Princi Singh 
 
</script>

Output:

True
False

Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Check if the first and last digit of the smallest number forms a prime

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Check if concatenation of first and last digits forms a prime number or not for each array element

C++

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C#

Javascript

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