Classification of Computer Network on basis of Architecture

Network architecture generally refers to the design of a computer network or communications network. It simply describes the allocation task between all of the computers in the network. It is simply a way in which all network devices and services are organized and managed to connect clients like laptops, tablets, servers, etc., and also how tasks are allocated to computers.

It is defined as the physical and logical design of software, hardware, protocols, and media of data transmission. In this article, we are going to discuss Network Architecture in detail along with its type, the skills required to become a network architect, and many more.

What is a Computer Network Architect?

A computer network architect sets up the computer and communication systems for a company. "Network architecture" means the rules, tools, and software that help people in the company stay connected without any problems.

Network Architect vs Network Administrator vs Network Engineer

• Network Administrator: They take care of a network that's already set up. They handle day-to-day tasks like fixing problems, adding users, and making sure everything runs smoothly.
• Network Engineer: They're like the builders and fixers. They create networks based on designs, make changes when needed, and troubleshoot any issues that pop up.
• Network Architect: They're the big planners. They design how a network should look and work. They create the blueprint that the engineers follow to build the network

Types of Network Architecture

Computer networks can be classified based on architecture into two primary types:

• Peer-to-Peer Architecture
• Client/Server Architecture

What is Peer-to-Peer Architecture?

In the P2P (Peer-to-Peer) network, “peers” generally represent computer system. These peers are connected to each other with help of Internet. Files might be shared directly without requirement of central server among these systems on the network. It can be said that each of computers on P2P network usually becomes file server even as client also.

In this architecture, system is generally decomposed into various computational nodes that contain the same and equivalent capabilities, abilities, and responsibilities. In this network, tasks are allocated at each and every device available on network. This network is very essential and important for small environments, usually up to at least 10 computers. There is also no separate division as clients and servers. Each and every computer in this network are treated same and equally and might send even receive message directly. This P2P network is generally useful in various fields such as business, education, military, etc.

Advantages of Peer-to-Peer Architecture

• P2P network is less costly and cheaper. It is affordable.
• P2P is very simple and not complex. This is because all computers that are connected in network communication in an efficient and well-mannered with each other.
• It is very easy and simple to set up and manage as installation and setup is less painless and computer manages itself. This is because of built-in support in modern operating systems.
• Security is one of major issues in this type of network.
• If computer working with some of resources is down and sharing of resources might become major problem.
• Performance, security, and access can also become major problem with an increase in number of computers on this network.

Disadvantages of Peer-to-Peer Architecture

• It is more difficult to manage security policies consistently.
• Each peer demands individual care and control.
• As the network expands in size, it may become inefficient.

What is Client/Server Architecture?

CSN (Client/Server Network) is type of computer network in which one of centralized and powerful computers (commonly called as server) is hub to which many of personal computers that are less powerful or workstations (commonly known as clients) are connected. It is type of system where clients are connected to server to just share or use resources. These servers are generally considered as heart of system. This type of network is more stable and scalable as compared to P2P network. In this architecture, system is generally decomposed into client and server processor or processes.

Advantages of Client/Server Architecture

• A special Network Operating System (NOS) is provided by server to provide resources to many users that request them.
• It is also very easy and simple to set up and manage data updates. This is because data is generally stored in centralized manner on server.
• The server usually controls resources and data security.
• This network also boosts speed of sharing resources.
• If anyhow server goes down or crashes, entire will be affected by this.
• It is very expensive as compared to P2P. This is due to need for server with more memory as well as need for many networking devices such as hubs, routers, switches, etc.
• Cost of NOS being provided is very high.

Disadvantages of Client/Server Architecture

• If the server fails, clients may lose access to services.
• Setting up servers requires a higher investment in hardware and software.
• Managing servers requires skilled personnel.

What Does a Computer Network Architect Do?

A computer network architect is responsible for designing and building communication networks for organizations. Their main tasks include:

• Designing, Modeling, Testing, and Troubleshooting Networks: This involves creating plans for networks, testing them out, and solving any problems that arise.
• Testing and Inspecting Existing Networks: You'll need to examine current networks to ensure they're working correctly and identify any issues that need fixing.
• Upgrading Networks (Hardware and Software): Keeping networks up-to-date by improving both the physical equipment and the software they run on.
• Analyzing and Fixing Security Weaknesses: Identifying and resolving any vulnerabilities in networks to keep them safe from cyber threats.
• Developing Technical Documentation: Creating detailed guides and instructions for building and maintaining networks.
• Installing and Maintaining Hardware Components: Setting up and looking after the physical parts of networks, like routers, cables, and adapters.

How to Become a Computer Network Architect?

Computer network architects usually have a bachelor’s degree in a computer-related field and some experience in a related job, like being a network or computer systems administrator.

Education

Computer network architects usually have at least a bachelor’s degree in computer and information technology, engineering, or a related field. These degree programs provide hands-on experience in subjects like network security and database design, preparing architects to work with various network technologies.

However, the specific education needed can vary. Some employers might hire candidates without a bachelor's degree, while others have no preference. Some even prefer candidates with a master’s degree.

Work Experience in a Related Occupation

Network architects usually require several years of experience in working with information technology (IT) systems. Often, they have worked as network and computer systems administrators or in similar roles like database administrators or computer systems analysts

What Skills Does a Computer Network Architect Need?

To be successful as a computer network architect, you need a mix of technical and interpersonal skills. Here's what you should have:

• Design and Modeling Skills: You'll be creating and visualizing network systems, so being adept at designing and modeling is crucial.
• Cybersecurity Knowledge: Ensuring network security is paramount. You must be alert against threats and know how to support the network against potential attacks.
• Technical Equipment Proficiency: Understanding the hardware components of networks like servers, routers, and modems is essential for implementing effective designs.
• Soft Skills: In addition to technical prowess, you'll need soft skills to excel. Problem-solving skills are vital for troubleshooting issues that arise in complex networks. Effective communication skills are necessary for collaborating with other IT professionals and sometimes providing training to users.

Where Do Computer Network Architects Work?

Computer network architects are highly demanded because every business, big or small, relies on internet access and communication systems. They can work in various industries, including:

• Cloud computing services
• Financial service providers
• Insurance companies
• Corporations
• Telecommunications providers
• Educational institutions
• Healthcare centers
• Government agencies
• Manufacturing industries

Additionally, some network architects work for third-party service providers. These providers set up and manage networks for other companies, serving as outsourced IT support.

Conclusion

In Conclusion computer networks can be divided into two types based on their architecture: client-server and peer-to-peer. The Client-Server architecture offers centralised control, improved security, and making it more suitable for big and complex networks, however it is more expensive to implement and requires specialised staff. On the other hand, the Peer-to-Peer model provides decentralisation, cheaper initial costs, and ease of implementation, making it suitable for smaller networks, but it faces security and scalability difficulties.

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