An expression is a special kind of statement that evaluates to a value. Every expression consists of
- Operands: Represents the data.
- Operator: which performs certain operations on operands.
Consider the following expression - 2 / 3, in the expression, 2 and 3 are operands and the symbol /is the operator.
JavaScript supports the following types of operators:
- Arithmetic Operators
- Relational Operators
- Logical Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Type Operators
- Miscellaneous Operators
Arithmetic Operators: As we know these are the basic mathematical operators available in JavaScript ES6.
| Operator | Function |
|---|
| Addition(+) | Returns sum of the operands. |
|---|
| Subtraction(-) | Returns the difference of the values. |
|---|
| Multiplication(*) | Returns the product of the values. |
|---|
| Division(/) | Performs division and returns the quotient. |
|---|
| Modulus(%) | Performs division and returns the remainder. |
|---|
| Increment(++) | Increases the value of the variable by one. |
|---|
| Decrement(- -) | Decreases the value of the variable by one. |
|---|
Example:
javascript
<script>
var num1 = 10.5
var num2 = 2.5
document.write("Sum : " + (num1 + num2) + "<br>");
document.write("Difference : " + (num1 - num2) + "<br>")
document.write("Product : " + num1 * num2 + "<br>")
document.write("Quotient : " + num1 / num2 + "<br>")
document.write("Remainder : " + num1 % num2 + "<br>")
// pre-increment
document.write("Value of num1 after pre-increment : "
+ (++num1) + "<br>")
// post-increment
document.write("Value of num1 after post-increment : "
+ (num1++) + "<br>")
// pre-decrement
document.write("Value of num2 after pre-decrement : "
+ (--num2) + "<br>")
// post-decrement
document.write("Value of num2 after post-decrement : "
+ (num2--) + "<br>")
</script>
Output:
Sum : 13
Difference : 8
Product : 26.25
Quotient : 4.2
Remainder : 0.5
Value of num1 after pre-increment : 11.5
Value of num1 after post-increment : 11.5
Value of num2 after pre-decrement : 1.5
Value of num2 after post-decrement : 1.5
Relational Operators: An operator that compares two values. Relational operators are sometimes called comparison operators.
| Operator | Function |
|---|
| > | Returns true if the left operand is greater than right else, false. |
|---|
| < | Returns true if the left operand is lesser than right else, false. |
|---|
| >= | Returns true if the left operand is greater than or equal to right else, false. |
|---|
| <= | Returns true if the left operand is lesser than or equal to right else, false. |
|---|
| == | Returns true if both the operands are same else, false./td> |
|---|
| == | Returns true if both the operands are the same else, false. |
|---|
| != | Returns true if both the operands are not same else, false. |
|---|
Example:
javascript
<script>
document.write("11>12 : " + (11 > 12) + "<br>");
document.write("11<12 : " + (11 < 12) + "<br>")
document.write("12>=11 : " + (12 >= 11) + "<br>")
document.write("12<=12 : " + (12 <= 12) + "<br>")
document.write("11==11 : " + (11 == 11) + "<br>")
document.write("11!=11 : " + (11 != 11) + "<br>")
</script>
Output:
11>12 : false
11=11 : true
12<=12 : true
11==11 : true
11!=11 : false
Logical Operators: Logical operators are used to combine two or more relational statements.
| Operator | Function |
|---|
| And(&&) | Return true if all the relational statements combined with && are true, else false. |
|---|
| Or(||) | Return true if at least one of the relational statements combined with || is true, else false.< |
|---|
| Not(!) | Returns the inverse of the relational statement’s result. |
|---|
Example:
javascript
<script>
// Returns true as every statement is true.
document.write("13>12 && 12>11 && 9==9 : "
+ (13 > 12 && 12 > 11 && 9 == 9) + "<br>");
// Returns false as 11>12 is false.
document.write("11>12 && 12>11 && 9==9 : "
+ (11 > 12 && 12 > 11 && 9 == 9) + "<br>")
// As one true statement is enough to return.
document.write("11>12 || 12>11 || 9==9 : "
+ (11 > 12 || 12 > 11 || 9 == 9) + "<br>")
// Returns false as 11>12 is not true.
document.write("11>12 && (12>11 || 9==9) : "
+ (11 > 12 && (12 > 11 || 9 == 9)) + "<br>")
</script>
Output:
13>12 && 12>11 && 9==9 : true
11>12 && 12>11 && 9==9 : false
11>12 || 12>11 || 9==9 : true
11>12 && (12>11 || 9==9) : false
Bitwise Operators: A bitwise operator is an operator used to perform bitwise operations on bit patterns or binary numerals that involve the manipulation of individual bits.
| Operator | Function |
|---|
| Bitwise AND(&) | Compares each bit of the first operand to the corresponding bit of the second operand. If both bits are 0, the corresponding result bit is set to 0, else 1. |
|---|
| Bitwise OR(|) | Compares each bit of the first operand to the corresponding bit of the second operand. If both bits are 1, the corresponding result bit is set to 1, else 0. |
|---|
| Bitwise XOR(^) | Inverts the bits of its corresponding operand |
|---|
| Left shift(<<) | Will shift the 'n' number of bits to the left side, and n bits with the value 0 will be filled on the right side. Example: x=2, t=4, x<<t, for easy evaluation it performs x*(2^n)=2*(2^4) . |
|---|
| Right shift(>>) | Will shift the 'n' number of bits to the right side, and ‘n’ bits with the value 0 will be filled on the left side. Example: x=2, t=4, x>>t, for easy evaluation it performs t/(2^n)=2/(2^4) . |
|---|
| Zero-fill right shift | Shifts a in binary representation b (< 32) bits to the right, discarding bits shifted off, and shifting in zeroes from the left |
|---|
Example:
javascript
<script>
document.write("2&3 : " + (2 & 3) + "<br>");
document.write("2|3 : " + (2 | 3) + "<br>");
document.write("2^3 : " + (2 ^ 3) + "<br>");
document.write("~4 : " + (~4) + "<br>");
document.write("2<<3 : " + (2 << 3) + "<br>");
document.write("2>>3 : " + (2 >> 3) + "<br>");
</script>
Output:
2&3 : 2
2|3 : 3
2^3 : 1
~4 : -5
2<>3 : 0
Assignment Operators: An assignment operator is the operator used to assign a new value to the variable, property, event or indexer element.
| Operator | Function |
|---|
| Simple Assignment(=) | Assigns the value of the right operand to left operand. |
|---|
| Add and Assignment(+=) | It adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. |
|---|
| Subtract and Assignment(-=) | It subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. |
|---|
| Multiply and Assignment(*=) | It multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. |
|---|
| Divide and Assignment(/=) | It divides the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand. |
|---|
Example:
javascript
<script>
var a = 12;
var b = 10;
a = b;
document.write("a = b : " + a + "<br>");
a += b;
document.write("a += b : " + a + "<br>")
a -= b;
document.write("a -= b : " + a + "<br>")
a *= b;
document.write("a *= b : " + a + "<br>")
a /= b;
document.write("a /= b : " + a + "<br>")
</script>
Output:
a = b : 10
a += b : 20
a -= b : 10
a *= b : 100
a /= b : 10
Type Operators: It is a unary operator. This operator returns the data type of the operand.
Syntax:
typeof(operand)
Example:
javascript
<script>
var a = 12;
var b = "Geeks";
var b = "Geeks";
var c = true;
var d = String;
document.write("a is " + typeof(a) + "<br>");
document.write("b is " + typeof(b) + "<br>")
document.write("c is : " + typeof(c) + "<br>")
document.write("d is : " + typeof(d) + "<br>")
</script>
Output:
a is number
b is string
c is : boolean
d is : function
Miscellaneous Operators:These are the operators that, does different operators when used at different types of occasions.
| Operator | Function |
|---|
| Negation operator (-) | Changes the sign of a value. |
|---|
| Concatenation operator (+) | +, when applied to strings it appends them. |
|---|
| Conditional Operator (?) | It can use as a ternary operator. |
|---|
Example:
javascript
<script>
var a = "GeeksforGeeks=>";
var b = "A Computer science portal.";
var c = true;
var d = 9;
// Concatenation
document.write("a+b : " + a + b + "<br>");
// Ternary Operator
var c = 2 > 3 ? "yes is 2>3" : "No, It is not."
document.write("2>3 :" + c + "<br>")
// Negation
d = -d;
document.write("d = -d : " + d + "<br>")
</script>
Output:
a+b : GeeksforGeeks=>A Computer science portal.
2>3 :No, It is not.
d = -d : -9
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