How to compute mod of a big number?

Last Updated : 10 Apr, 2023

Given a big number 'num' represented as string and an integer x, find value of "num % a" or "num mod a". Output is expected as an integer.

Examples :

Input:  num = "12316767678678",  a = 10
Output: num (mod a) ? 8

The idea is to process all digits one by one and use the property that

xy (mod a) ? ((x (mod a) * 10) + (y (mod a))) mod a

where, x : left-most digit

y: rest of the digits except x.

for example:

625 % 5 = (((6 % 5)*10) + (25 % 5)) % 5 = 0

Below is the implementation.

Thanks to utkarsh111 for suggesting the below solution.

C++

// C++ program to compute mod of a big number represented
// as string
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Function to compute num (mod a)
int mod(string num, int a)
{
    // Initialize result
    int res = 0;

    // One by one process all digits of 'num'
    for (int i = 0; i < num.length(); i++)
        res = (res * 10 + num[i] - '0') % a;

    return res;
}

// Driver program
int main()
{
    string num = "12316767678678";
    cout << mod(num, 10);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to compute mod of a big
// number represented as string
import java.io.*;

class GFG {

    // Function to compute num (mod a)
    static int mod(String num, int a)
    {

        // Initialize result
        int res = 0;

        // One by one process all digits of 'num'
        for (int i = 0; i < num.length(); i++)
            res = (res * 10 + num.charAt(i) - '0') % a;

        return res;
    }

    // Driver program
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {

        String num = "12316767678678";

        System.out.println(mod(num, 10));
    }
}

// This code is contributed by vt_m.

Python3

# program to compute mod of a big number
# represented as string

# Function to compute num (mod a)


def mod(num, a):

    # Initialize result
    res = 0

    # One by one process all digits
    # of 'num'
    for i in range(0, len(num)):
        res = (res * 10 + int(num[i])) % a

    return res


# Driver program
num = "12316767678678"
print(mod(num, 10))

# This code is contributed by Sam007

// C# program to compute mod of a big
// number represented as string
using System;

public class GFG {

    // Function to compute num (mod a)
    static int mod(String num, int a)
    {

        // Initialize result
        int res = 0;

        // One by one process all
        // digits of 'num'
        for (int i = 0; i < num.Length; i++)
            res = (res * 10 + num[i] - '0') % a;

        return res;
    }

    // Driver code
    public static void Main()
    {
        String num = "12316767678678";

        Console.WriteLine(mod(num, 10));
    }
}

// This code is contributed by Sam007

PHP

<?php
// PHP program to compute mod 
// of a big number represented 
// as string

// Function to compute num (mod a)
function mod($num, $a)
{
    // Initialize result
    $res = 0;

    // One by one process 
    // all digits of 'num'
    for ($i = 0; $i < $r = strlen($num); $i++)
        $res = ($res * 10 + 
                $num[$i] - '0') % $a;

    return $res;
}

// Driver Code
$num = "12316767678678";
echo mod($num, 10);

// This code is contributed by ajit
?>

JavaScript

<script>

// Javascript program to compute mod
// of a big number represented
// as string

// Function to compute num (mod a)
function mod(num, a)
{
    
    // Initialize result
    let res = 0;

    // One by one process
    // all digits of 'num'
    for(let i = 0; i < num.length; i++)
        res = (res * 10 +
            parseInt(num[i])) % a;

    return res;
}

// Driver Code
let num = "12316767678678";

document.write(mod(num, 10));

// This code is contributed by _saurabh_jaiswal

</script>

Output

Time Complexity : O(|num|)

Time complexity will become size of num string as we are traversing once in num.

Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Exponential Squaring (Fast Modulo Multiplication)

kartik

Improve

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How to compute mod of a big number?

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