How to Create Custom Camera using CameraX in Android?

package org.geeksforgeeks.demo;

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.camera.core.*;
import androidx.camera.lifecycle.ProcessCameraProvider;
import androidx.camera.view.PreviewView;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private PreviewView previewView;
    private Button captureButton;
    private ImageCapture imageCapture = null;
    private ExecutorService cameraExecutor;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        previewView = findViewById(R.id.previewView);
        captureButton = findViewById(R.id.captureButton);

        if (allPermissionsGranted()) {
            startCamera();
        } else {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, REQUIRED_PERMISSIONS, REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSIONS);
        }

        captureButton.setOnClickListener(v -> captureImage());

        // Initialize camera executor
        cameraExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
    }

    private void startCamera() {
        ProcessCameraProvider cameraProviderFuture = ProcessCameraProvider.getInstance(this);

        cameraProviderFuture.addListener(() -> {
            try {
                ProcessCameraProvider cameraProvider = cameraProviderFuture.get();

                Preview preview = new Preview.Builder().build();
                preview.setSurfaceProvider(previewView.getSurfaceProvider());

                imageCapture = new ImageCapture.Builder().build();

                CameraSelector cameraSelector = new CameraSelector.Builder()
                        .requireLensFacing(CameraSelector.LENS_FACING_BACK)
                        .build();

                cameraProvider.unbindAll();
                cameraProvider.bindToLifecycle(this, cameraSelector, preview, imageCapture);

            } catch (Exception e) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Failed to start camera", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }, ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(this));
    }

    private void captureImage() {
        if (imageCapture == null) return;

        String timestamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss", Locale.US).format(new Date());
        ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues();
        contentValues.put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, "IMG_" + timestamp + ".jpg");
        contentValues.put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "image/jpeg");

        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
            contentValues.put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.RELATIVE_PATH, "Pictures/CameraX-Images");
        }

        ImageCapture.OutputFileOptions outputFileOptions = new ImageCapture.OutputFileOptions.Builder(
                getContentResolver(),
                MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
                contentValues
        ).build();

        imageCapture.takePicture(outputFileOptions, ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(this),
                new ImageCapture.OnImageSavedCallback() {
                    @Override
                    public void onImageSaved(@NonNull ImageCapture.OutputFileResults outputFileResults) {
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Image saved to gallery!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onError(@NonNull ImageCaptureException exception) {
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Failed to save image", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                });
    }

    private boolean allPermissionsGranted() {
        for (String permission : REQUIRED_PERMISSIONS) {
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSIONS) {
            if (allPermissionsGranted()) {
                startCamera();
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this, "Permissions not granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                finish();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        cameraExecutor.shutdown();
    }

    private static final int REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSIONS = 10;
    private static final String[] REQUIRED_PERMISSIONS = new String[]{
            Manifest.permission.CAMERA,
            Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
    };
}