How to Teach Multiplication with 2 Digit Numbers

Multiplication is an important mathematical concept that is used to solve different types of problems. Teaching multiplication is essential because it improves a student's capacity to manage more difficult computations and problem-solving assignments, particularly when dealing with 2-digit numbers. Students must learn this concept because multiplication is used everywhere in real-life applications. Some applications of multiplication are interest calculation, currency conversion, area and volume calculation, fuel consumption, etc.

What is Multiplication with 2-digit Numbers?

Multiplication with 2-digit numbers involves calculating the product of two numbers, each having two digits.

This skill is essential in mathematics, forming a foundation for more complex calculations and problem-solving. Let's explore what multiplication with 2-digit numbers entails, its importance, and the methods used to perform it accurately.

Methods of Multiplication with 2-Digit Numbers

Various methods of multiplying two digits numbers are:

Traditional Multiplication Method

It is also known as the column method. It is a very simple method.

Steps:

Step 1: With the digits aligned according to place value, write the two numbers one below the other.

Step 2: Multiply each digit of the top number by the digit located in the unit's position of the lower number. Below the line write the result.

Step 3: Multiply each digit of the top number by the digit in the bottom number's tens place. Put the result down, moving it to the left by one place.

Step 4: Add the result to get the final answer.

Example: Multiply 23 by 45

Box Method

This is also known as the Area method, it breaks down the multiplication process in more smaller parts.

Steps:

Step 1: Draw a large box and divide it into four smaller boxes.

Step 2: Break down each number into tens and units. For example- to divide 43 = 40 + 3

Step 3: Indicate the component components of the numbers for every column and row.

Step 4: Calculate the product of the numbers at the top of each column and the numbers at the start of each row, then enter the result in each box.

Step 5: To find the solution, add up all of the items from the boxes.

Example: Multiply 23 by 45

Partial Products Method

This method is based on breaking down the multiplications to each digit value.

Steps:

Step 1: Divide each number into units and tens.

Step 2: Divide each component by itself.

Step 3: To get the final result, add up all the products.

Example:

(20 × 40) + (20 × 5) + (3 × 40) + (3 × 5)

= 800 + 100 + 120 + 15

= 1035

Tips and Tricks for Teaching Multiplication

Start Simple: First start with easy problems them slowly teach them medium-complex problems.

Example:

Begin with 2 × 3, then 4 × 5.

Move to 12 × 3, then 15 × 4.

Progress to 23 × 34, then 45 × 56.

Use Rhymes and Songs: Make up entertaining songs or rhymes to aid kids in recalling multiplication facts.

Example:

Sing to the tune of “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star”: “Two times two is four, Two times three is six, Two times four is eight, now let’s learn some more…”

Practice Regularly: Say students to practice daily so that they can solve questions easily.

Example:

Provide a set of 10 problems each day.

Use flashcard apps like Quizlet for daily drills.

Incorporate multiplication bingo or other classroom games.

Encourage Estimation: To help kids develop number sense, teach them to estimate products.

Example:

Estimate the product of 47 × 62 by rounding to 50 × 60 = 3000.

Compare this with the exact product, 2914, to see the closeness of the estimate.

Celebrate Progress: To keep students motivated, praise them if they are able to solve even easy questions.

Example:

Give a sticker for every 5 correct answers.

Award a “Multiplication Master” certificate for completing a set of problems correctly.

Real-Life Examples: Use real-world problems that require multiplication, such as calculating the total cost of multiple items or determining the area of a room.

Example:

Calculate the total cost of 3 items, each costing $15.

Find the area of a garden that is 10 meters long and 5 meters wide.

Double a recipe that requires 2 cups of flour, 3 eggs, etc.

Peer Learning: Pair students to learn multiplication problem by solving in class. Learning together can encourage collaboration and provide different perspectives on problem-solving.

Example:

Create a student group where students help each other with homework.

Host a multiplication bee where pairs compete against each other.

Use group projects that involve solving multiplication-based problems.

Frequent Practice: Practice questions on multiplication everyday . Provide different types of problems for students to solve, ensuring they encounter different types of multiplication scenarios.

Example:

Daily worksheets with 10 different multiplication problems.

Use websites like GeeksforGeeks for varied problem sets.

Set up a classroom multiplication center with different activities and games.

Some Mistakes to Teach Multiplication

• When multiplying, students frequently align the digits incorrectly which results in wrong results.

• When the product is more than nine, sometimes students could neglect to carry over the numbers. Teach them to remember the carry number to add it in the next multiplication steps.

• There is a chance that some students won't understand the multiplicative process. Explain them in very easy and clear steps.

General Concept in Multiplication

Concept used for multiplication is:

Repeated Addition: Multiplication in another word is repeated addition. For example, multiplying 4×3 = 12 is the same as adding 4 three times: 4 + 4 + 4 = 12.

Commutative Property: Commutative property states that if order of factors in multiplication is changed then it will not affect the multiplication result. It can be stated as -

a × b = b × a

Arrays and Area Models: Multiplication can be shown by using area models and arrays. An area model uses the area of a rectangle to represent multiplication, whereas an array is a collection of items arranged in rows and columns.

Associative Property: Associative Property can be stated as: (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)

Distributive Property: Distributive Property can be stated as: a × (b + c) = (a × b) + (a × c)

Examples on Multiplication with 2 Digit Numbers

Examples 1: Multiply 34 by 12 using the traditional Multiplication method and verify the result using Partial Product method.

Solution:

Multiplying 34 by 12 using the traditional Multiplication method

The result is 408. Now verify it using the Partial Product method.

(30 x 10) + (30 x 2) + (4 x 10) + (4 x 2) = 300 + 60 + 40 + 8 = 408

Examples 2: Multiply 56 by 23 using the Box Method

Solution:

Multiplying 56 by 23 using the box method

Examples 3: Multiply 78 by 45 using the the traditional Multiplication Method.

Solution:

Multiplying 78 by 45 using the traditional Multiplication method

Examples 4: Multiply 91 by 32 using the the box method(Area model).

Solution:

Multiplying 91 by 32 using the box method

Examples 5: Multiply 63 by 29 using all three methods.

Solution:

Multiplying 63 by 29 using the traditional multiplication method

Multiplying 63 by 29 using the box method

Multiplying 63 by 29 using partial products

(60 × 20) + (60 × 9) + (3 × 20) + (3 × 9) = 1200 + 540 + 60 + 27 = 1827

Practice Questions on Multiplication with 2 Digit Numbers

Questions 1: Multiply 56 by 78 using the traditional column method.

Questions 2: If a library has 27 shelves with 34 books on each shelf, how many books are there in total?

Questions 3: Multiply 44 by 76 using the box model.

Questions 4: Solve 57 by 63 using the partial product method.

Questions 5: A class has 21 rows of seats, with 30 seats in each row. How many seats are there in total?

Questions 6: A park has 16 flower beds, with 48 flowers in each bed. How many flowers are there in total?

Questions 7: Multiply 66 by 85 using any method you want.

Questions 8: Solve 45 by 74.

Conclusion

Teaching 2-digit multiplication is an necessary ability that prepares students for more complex mathematical ideas. Teachers can make learning more interesting and productive by implementing a variety of techniques, including applying the distributive property, applying the area model, grasping place value, and practicing with worksheets. A student's knowledge and confidence in multiplication are further increased by interactive games, advice, and consistent practice.

By using the methods described in this article, teachers can assist children in becoming very good at multiplication using two-digit numbers and lay a solid foundation for future success in mathematics.

Also Read:

• Multiplication: Definition, Symbol, Table

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Article Tags :

• Mathematics
• School Learning
• How to Teach