How to Implement a Circular Buffer Using std::vector?

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Circular buffer class
class CircularBuffer {
private:
    vector<int> buffer;
    int front;
    int back;
    int capacity;

public:

    // Constructor to intialize circular buffer's data
    // members
    CircularBuffer(int _capacity) {
        
        // If the capacity is invalid
        if (_capacity < 0) {
            throw invalid_argument("Invalid capacity");
        }
        this->capacity = _capacity + 1;
        this->front = 0;
        this->back = 0;
        buffer.resize(capacity);
    }

    // Function to add an element to the buffer
    void push_back(int val) {
        if (full()) {
            throw overflow_error("CircularBuffer is full");
        }
        buffer[back] = val;
        back = (back + 1) % capacity;
    }

    // Function to remove an element from the buffer
    void pop_front() {
        if (empty()) {
            throw underflow_error("CircularBuffer is empty");
        }
        front = (front + 1) % capacity;
    }
    
    int getFront() {
        if (empty()) {
            throw out_of_range("CircularBuffer is empty");
        }
        return buffer[front];
    }
    
    int getBack() {
        if (empty()) {
            throw out_of_range("CircularBuffer is empty");
        }
        return (back == 0) ? buffer[capacity - 1] : buffer[back - 1];
    }

    // Function to check if the buffer is empty
    bool empty() const { return front == back; }

    // Function to check if the buffer is full
    bool full() const {
        return (back + 1) % capacity == front;
    }

    // Function to get the size of the buffer
    int size() const {
        if (back >= front) {
            return back - front;
        }
        return capacity - (front - back);
    }

    // Function to print the elements of the buffer
    void printBuffer() const {
        int idx = front;
        while (idx != back) {
            cout << buffer[idx] << " ";
            idx = (idx + 1) % capacity;
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
};

int main() {

    // Create a buffer of size 5
    CircularBuffer buffer(5);

    // Add elements to the buffer
    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i) {
        buffer.push_back(i);
        cout << "Added: " << i << endl;
    }

    // Print elements of the buffer after adding elements
    cout << "Elements of the buffer: ";
    buffer.printBuffer();

    // Check the size of the circular buffer before deletion
    // of elements
    cout << "Buffer size: " << buffer.size() << endl;

    // Remove elements from the buffer
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
        cout << "Removed: " << buffer.getFront() << endl;
        buffer.pop_front();
    }
    // Print elements of the buffer after removing elements
    cout << "Elements of the buffer: ";
    buffer.printBuffer();

    // Check the size of the circular buffer after deletion
    // of elements
    cout << "Buffer size: " << buffer.size() << endl;
    cout << "Current Back: " << buffer.getBack() << endl;
    cout << "Current Front: " << buffer.getFront();
    return 0;
}