Next smallest prime palindrome

Last Updated : 19 Jul, 2022

Given a positive integer N where 1 \leq N \leq 10^{9} . The task is to find the smallest prime palindrome greater than or equal to N.
Examples:

Input: 8
Output: 11

Input: 7000000000
Output: 10000500001

Approach:

The Naive approach is to loop from N + 1 until we found the next smallest prime palindrome greater than or equal to N.
Efficient Approach:
Let's say P = R is a the next smallest prime-palindrome greater than or equal to N.
Now since R is a palindrome, the first half of the digits of R can be used to determine R up to two possibilities. Let k be the first half of the digits in R. For eg. if k = 123, then R = 12321 or R = 123321.
Thus, we iterate through each k upto 10⁵ and create the associated palindrome R, and check whether R is a prime or not.
Also, we will handle the odd and even palindromes separately, and break them when we found our result.
Below is the implementation of above approach:

C++

// C++ implementation of above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define ll long long int

// Function to check whether 
// a number is prime
bool isPrime(ll n) 
{
    if (n < 2) return false;
    
    for (ll i = 2; i <= sqrt(n); i++)
    {
        if (n % i == 0) return false;
    }
    return true;
}

// function to generate next 
// smallest prime palindrome
ll nextPrimePalindrome(ll N) 
{
for (ll k = 1; k < 1000000; k++) 
{
    
    // Check for odd-length palindromes
    string s = to_string(k);
    string z(s.begin(), s.end());
    reverse(z.begin(), z.end());

    // eg. s = '1234' to x = int('1234321')
    ll x = stoll(s + z.substr(1));

    if (x >= N and isPrime(x)) return x;

    // Check for even-length palindromes
    s = to_string(k);
    z = string(s.begin(), s.end());
    reverse(z.begin(), z.end());

    // eg. s = '1234' to x = int('12344321')
    x = stoll(s + z);

    if (x >= N and isPrime(x)) return x;
}
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    ll N = 7000000000;
    
    // Function call to print answer
    cout << nextPrimePalindrome(N) << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

// This code is contributed by
// sanjeev2552

Java

// Java implementation of above approach
class GFG
{

// Function to check whether 
// a number is prime
static boolean isPrime(long n) 
{
    if (n < 2) return false;
    
    for (long i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(n); i++)
    {
        if (n % i == 0) return false;
    }
    return true;
}

// reverse the String
static String reverse(String s)
{
    String s1 = "";
    for(int i = s.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        s1 += s.charAt(i);
    
    return s1;
}

// function to generate next 
// smalongest prime palindrome
static long nextPrimePalindrome(long N) 
{
    for (long k = 1; k < 1000000l; k++) 
    {
        
        // Check for odd-length palindromes
        String s = ""+k;
        String z;
        z = reverse(s);
    
        // eg. s = '1234' to x = int('1234321')
        long x = Long.parseLong(s + z.substring(1, z.length()));
    
        if (x >= N && isPrime(x)) 
            return x;
    
        // Check for even-length palindromes
        s = ""+(k);
        z = s;
        z = reverse(z);
    
        // eg. s = '1234' to x = int('12344321')
        x = Long.parseLong(s + z);
    
        if (x >= N && isPrime(x)) return x;
    }
    return -1;
}

// Driver Code
public static void main(String args[])
{
    long N = 7000000000l;
    
    // Function calong to print answer
    System.out.println( nextPrimePalindrome(N) );
}
}

// This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu

Python3

# Python3 implementation of above approach
import math

# Function to check whether a number is prime
def is_prime(n):
    return n > 1 and all(n % d for d in range(2, int(math.sqrt(n)) + 1))

# function to generate next smallest prime palindrome
def NextprimePalindrome(N):

    for k in range(1, 10**6):

        # Check for odd-length palindromes
        s = str(k)
        x = int(s + s[-2::-1])  # eg. s = '1234' to x = int('1234321')

        if x >= N and is_prime(x):
            return x

        # Check for even-length palindromes
        s = str(k)
        x = int(s + s[-1::-1])  # eg. s = '1234' to x = int('12344321')

        if x >= N and is_prime(x):
            return x

# Driver code
N = 7000000000

# Function call to print answer
print(NextprimePalindrome(N))

# This code is written by
# Sanjit_Prasad

// C# implementation of above approach
using System;

class GFG
{

// Function to check whether 
// a number is prime
static bool isPrime(long n) 
{
    if (n < 2) return false;
    
    for (long i = 2; i <= Math.Sqrt(n); i++)
    {
        if (n % i == 0) return false;
    }
    return true;
}

// reverse the String
static String reverse(String s)
{
    String s1 = "";
    for(int i = s.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        s1 += s[i];
    
    return s1;
}

// function to generate next 
// smalongest prime palindrome
static long nextPrimePalindrome(long N) 
{
    for (long k = 1; k < 1000000; k++) 
    {
        
        // Check for odd-length palindromes
        String s = ""+k;
        String z;
        z = reverse(s);
    
        // eg. s = '1234' to x = int('1234321')
        long x = long.Parse(s + z.Substring(1, z.Length - 1));
    
        if (x >= N && isPrime(x)) 
            return x;
    
        // Check for even-length palindromes
        s = ""+(k);
        z = s;
        z = reverse(z);
    
        // eg. s = '1234' to x = int('12344321')
        x = long.Parse(s + z);
    
        if (x >= N && isPrime(x)) return x;
    }
    return -1;
}

// Driver Code
public static void Main(String []args)
{
    long N = 7000000000;
    
    // Function calong to print answer
    Console.WriteLine( nextPrimePalindrome(N) );
}
}

// This code is contributed by PrinciRaj1992

JavaScript

<script>

// Javascript  implementation of above approach

// Function to check whether 
// a number is prime
function isPrime( n) 
{
    if (n < 2) return false;
    
    for (var i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(n); i++)
    {
        if (n % i == 0) return false;
    }
    return true;
}

// function to generate next 
// smallest prime palindrome

function reverse( s)
{
    var s1 = "";
    for(var i = s.length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        s1 += s[i];
    
    return s1;
}

function nextPrimePalindrome( N) 
{
for (var k = 1; k < 1000000; k++) 
{
    
    // Check for odd-length palindromes
    var s = ""+k;
    var z;
    z=reverse(s);

    // eg. s = '1234' to x = int('1234321')
    var x = Number(s + z.substring(1,z.length));

    if (x >= N && isPrime(x)) return x;

    // Check for even-length palindromes
    s =  ""+k;
    z = s;
     z=reverse(z);

    // eg. s = '1234' to x = int('12344321')
    x = Number(s + z);

    if (x >= N && isPrime(x)) return x;
}
}

var N = 7000000000;
// Function call to find maximum value
document.write(nextPrimePalindrome(N) + "<br>");

// This code is contributed by SoumikMondal

</script>

Output:

10000500001

Time Complexity: O(N*sqrt(N)) where N is upper limit and the sqrt(N) term comes from checking if a candidate is prime.

Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Palindrome Substring Queries

Sanjit_Prasad

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