Python | First alphabet index
Last Updated :
05 May, 2023
Sometimes, while working with Python strings we can have a problem in which we need to extract the first index of alpha character from string. This can have application in day-day programming. Lets discuss certain ways in which this task can be performed.
Method #1: Using loop + regex The combination of above functionalities can be used to perform this task. In this, we employ loop to loop through the string and regex is used to filter out for alphabets in characters.
Python3
import re
test_str = "34#$g67fg"
print("The original string is : " + test_str)
res = None
temp = re.search(r'[a-z]', test_str, re.I)
if temp is not None:
res = temp.start()
print("Index of first character : " + str(res))
|
Output :
The original string is : 34#$g67fg
Index of first character : 4
Time complexity: O(n), where n is the length of the input string “test_str”.
Auxiliary space: O(1), which means it uses a constant amount of extra memory space, regardless of the size of the input string “test_str”
Method #2: Using find() + next() + filter() + isalpha() The combination of above methods can also be used to perform this task. In this, we check for alphabets using isalpha(). The task of finding element is done by find(). The next() returns the 1st occurrence.
Python3
import re
test_str = "34#$g67fg"
print("The original string is : " + test_str)
res = test_str.find(next(filter(str.isalpha, test_str)))
print("Index of first character : " + str(res))
|
Output :
The original string is : 34#$g67fg
Index of first character : 4
Method #3: Using loop + ord() The combination of above method can be used to solve the task. In this, we iterate over string and check the ascii value with the help of ord method. If the ascii value is in range of alphabets than return the index of character.
Python3
test_str = "3g4#$67fg"
print("The original string is : " + test_str)
ans = -1;
for i in test_str:
temp = ord(i)
if (65 <= temp <= 90) or (97 <= temp <= 122):
ans = test_str.index(i);
break;
print("Index of first character : " + str(ans))
|
Output:
The original string is : 3g4#$67fg
Index of first character : 1
Method #4: Using index() and without isalpha() method
Python3
test_str = "34#$g67fg"
print("The original string is : " + test_str)
alphabets="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
res = 0
for i in test_str:
if i in alphabets:
res=test_str.index(i)
break
print("Index of first character : " + str(res))
|
Output
The original string is : 34#$g67fg
Index of first character : 4
Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: (n)
Method #5: Using re.search() with ignorecase flag
Python3
import re
test_str = "34#$g67fg"
print("The original string is : " + test_str)
res = None
temp = re.search(r'[a-zA-Z]', test_str)
if temp is not None:
res = temp.start()
print("Index of first character : " + str(res))
|
Output
The original string is : 34#$g67fg
Index of first character : 4
Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Method #6: Using a list comprehension and isalpha()
Python3
test_str = "34#$g67fg"
matches = [(i, c) for i, c in enumerate(test_str) if c.isalpha()]
res = matches[0][0]
print("Index of first character : " + str(res))
|
Output
Index of first character : 4
Time Complexity:
- The list comprehension creates a list of length <= len(test_str) containing only characters that satisfy the condition c.isalpha().
- Indexing the list to get the first pair is a constant-time operation.
- Therefore, the time complexity of this method is O(len(test_str)).
Auxiliary Space:
- The list comprehension creates a new list of length <= len(test_str) containing only characters that satisfy the condition c.isalpha().
- Therefore, the auxiliary space complexity of this method is O(len(test_str)).
Method #7: Using a generator expression and isalpha()
Use the enumerate() function to iterate over the characters in test_str along with their indices. The isalpha() method is then called on each character to determine if it is an alphabet. The generator expression (i for i, c in enumerate(test_str) if c.isalpha()) produces a sequence of indices where the corresponding characters are alphabets. The next() function is then used to retrieve the first index from this sequence, or -1 if the sequence is empty.
Python3
test_str = "3g4#$67fg"
ans = next((i for i, c in enumerate(test_str) if c.isalpha()), -1)
print("Index of first character : " + str(ans))
|
Output
Index of first character : 1
Time Complexity: O(n), where n is the length of the string.
Auxiliary space: O(1)
Method 8 : Using lambda function and filter() method
- Define a lambda function that returns True if the given character is an alphabet, else False.
- Use the “filter()” method to filter out non-alphabetic characters from the given string “test_str”.
- Convert the filtered result to a list.
- If the list is not empty, print the index of its first element in the original string “test_str” using the “index()” method.
Python3
test_str = "34#$g67fg"
print("The original string is : " + test_str)
alpha_list = list(filter(lambda char: char.isalpha(), test_str))
if alpha_list:
res = test_str.index(alpha_list[0])
else:
res = None
print("Index of first character : " + str(res))
|
Output
The original string is : 34#$g67fg
Index of first character : 4
The time complexity of the above code is O(n), where n is the length of the given string “test_str”.
The auxiliary space used by the code is O(m), where m is the number of alphabetic characters in the string “test_str”.
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