Python – seaborn.pairplot() method

seaborn.pairplot() method is used for visualizing relationships between multiple variables in a dataset. By creating a grid of scatter plots it helps to identify how different features interact with each other to identify patterns, correlations and trends in data. In this article, we will see how to implement seaborn.pairplot() in python.

Syntax: seaborn.pairplot(data, **kwargs)

Here data refers to the dataset we want to visualize and kwargs represent additional optional parameters that can be customized for different visualizations.

Below are the most commonly used parameters:

Now we will implement this using the tips dataset. This dataset contains information about restaurant tips, total bill amount, tip amount, customer details like sex and day of the week, etc. Also we will be using Seaborn and Matplotlib libraries to it.

Example 1: Pairplot with Hue by Day

We will use hue parameter to color-code points based on the day column. This helps to distinguish between different days of the week.

import seaborn
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df = seaborn.load_dataset('tips')
seaborn.pairplot(df, hue ='day')
plt.show()

 Output :

Pairplot by Hue

A grid of scatter plots showing the relationships between the numerical features in the tips dataset with color coding based on the day column is formed.

Example 2: Pairplot with Custom Palette by Sex

We will use the hue and palette parameter to color-code points based on the sex column helps in distinguishing between male and female customers. Here we defined colour palette as blue and pink using custom_palette.

import seaborn
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df = seaborn.load_dataset('tips')
custom_palette = {'Male': 'lightblue', 'Female': 'pink'}
seaborn.pairplot(df, hue='sex', palette=custom_palette)
plt.show()

Output :

Pairplot using Custom Palette

Scatter plots will be color-coded based on the sex column which allows us to distinguish between male and female customers.

Example 3: Pairplot with Specific Variables

We can focus on specific variables in the tips dataset. Here we visualize only the total_bill, tip and size features using {x, y}_vars parameter.

import seaborn
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df = seaborn.load_dataset('tips')
seaborn.pairplot(df[['total_bill', 'tip', 'size']])
plt.show()

Output :

Specific variables

This will display a pairplot for the selected columns (total_bill, tip and size) excluding other features from the visualization.