R Boolean Logic

Boolean logic in R revolves around the two logical constants TRUE and FALSE. These values represent truth and falsehood and are essential for decision-making, controlling loops, logical operations, and data manipulation.

What are TRUE and FALSE in R?

• TRUE represents a logical true value.
• FALSE represents a logical false value.

These keywords are case-sensitive and must be written in uppercase. They form the foundation of logical operations in R and are widely used in conditions, loops, and comparisons.

1. Using TRUE and FALSE in Conditional Statements

Boolean values are commonly used to control program flow via if, else if, and else statements.

x <- 8

if (x > 5) {
  print(TRUE)
} else {
  print(FALSE)
}

Output:

[1] TRUE

Explanation: Since x > 5 is TRUE, the print statement inside the if block executes.

2. Using Boolean Values in Loops

Using TRUE and FALSE in loops helps control iteration. For example, an infinite loop can be created with TRUE as the condition, which can be exited with a break statement.

count <- 1

while (TRUE) {
  print(count)
  count <- count + 1
  if (count > 5) {
    break
  }
}

Output:

[1] 1
[1] 2
[1] 3
[1] 4
[1] 5

3. Using Boolean Values in Arithmetic

In arithmetic expressions, R treats TRUE as 1 and FALSE as 0.

print(TRUE + 2)  
print(FALSE * 10)

Output:

[1] 3
[1] 0

4. Boolean Values in Vectors

Logical values can be stored in vectors and used for sub setting data efficiently.

vec <- c(10, 20, 30, 40)
logical_vec <- vec > 20

print(logical_vec)        
print(vec[logical_vec])    

Output:

FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE
30 40

5. Performing Logical Operations in R

R provides operators to perform logical operations on Boolean values:

Example Usage

Here we will perform all the above operation in R programming languages.

a <- TRUE
b <- FALSE

print(a & b)   
print(a | b)   
print(!a)      
print(a && b)  
print(a || b)  

Output:

FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE

6. Performing Logical Comparisons in R

Boolean logic often results from comparison operations that return TRUE or FALSE:

Example Usage:

Here we will perform all the above operation in R programming languages.

a <- 5
b <- 3

print(a == b)
print(a != b)
print(a < b)
print(a > b)
print(a <= b)
print(a >= b)

Output:

[1] FALSE
[1] TRUE
[1] FALSE
[1] TRUE
[1] FALSE
[1] TRUE