Rename column name with an index number of the CSV file in Pandas

In this blog post, we will learn how to rename the column name with an index number of the CSV file in Pandas.

Renaming Column Name with an Index Number

Pandas, an advanced data manipulation package in Python, includes several methods for working with structured data such as CSV files. You might wish to change the automatically generated column names (0, 1, 2, etc.) to something more illustrative when using Pandas to work with CSV data. Instead of requiring users to refer to confusing default names, Pandas offers a straightforward approach for renaming columns by using the rename() function and providing the index number.

Methods to Rename Column Names

In Pandas, there are primarily two ways to rename columns:

• Using the rename() function: With Pandas, we can easily rename columns using the rename() function. We can add a dictionary to the columns option to rename columns that have index numbers. The present column names should serve as the dictionary's keys, while the new names should serve as the values.
• Using List Comprehension : Another strategy is to create new column names depending on the index numbers by using list comprehension. This approach comes in particularly useful when managing a lot of columns.

Before we get started, let's go over some fundamental notions about this topic.

Column Index

In a data frame, a column index has two main functions:

• Labeling: Just like row labels for rows, it gives each column in the DataFrame a distinct identity. This makes it simple for users to identify and make explicit references to different columns.
• Location: It indicates where a column is located inside the DataFrame. Instead of depending on names that could be confusing, this enables accessing particular columns based on their index position.

Why Rename Columns?

The names of your columns are important identifiers for the various attributes in your dataset. Sometimes, they might be too lengthy or complex, making it challenging to work with them. Renaming columns helps simplify data processing and makes your code easier to read.

Pandas Column Name Concepts

• Pandas will automatically assign column names (0, 1, 2...) to CSV data when loaded into a DataFrame
• You can view and work with these default names, but descriptive names are preferable
• The rename() method allows you to map new names to existing names
• You refer to columns using their index number (starting from 0)

Pandas Implementation

Let's create a simple dataset to demonstrate the renaming process:

# Import the csv module
import csv

# Define the data as a list of dictionaries
data = [
    {"Name": "Alice", "Age": 12, "Gender": "F", "Grade": "A"},
    {"Name": "Bob", "Age": 13, "Gender": "M", "Grade": "B"},
    {"Name": "Charlie", "Age": 14, "Gender": "M", "Grade": "C"},
    {"Name": "David", "Age": 12, "Gender": "M", "Grade": "A"},
    {"Name": "Eve", "Age": 13, "Gender": "F", "Grade": "B"}
]

# Open a new csv file for writing
with open("data.csv", "w") as file:
    # Create a csv writer object
    writer = csv.DictWriter(file, fieldnames=["Name", "Age", "Gender", "Grade"])
    # Write the header row
    writer.writeheader()
    # Write the data rows
    writer.writerows(data)

# Close the file
file.close()

Using rename() function

Renaming a Single Column Name with an Index Number

Using the df.rename() function, we can change the name of a single column using an index number. The old column names are the keys and the new column names are the values of a dictionary that is sent as an argument to this procedure. The desired new name may be used as the value, and the index position of the column name can be used as the key. Assume, for instance, that we wish to change the name of the second column (index 1) from "Age" to "Years." The code that follows is usable:

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv('data.csv')
print(df.columns)
df = df.rename(columns={df.columns[1]: 'Years'})
df

Output:

Index(['Name', 'Age', 'Gender', 'Grade'], dtype='object')
      Name  Years Gender Grade
0    Alice     12      F     A
1      Bob     13      M     B
2  Charlie     14      M     C
3    David     12      M     A
4      Eve     13      F     B

This will modify the DataFrame in place and change the column name from 'Age' to 'Years'. If we print the DataFrame, we will see the updated column name.

Renaming Multiple Column Names with Index Numbers

To rename numerous column names with index numbers, we may use the same df.rename() function, but with a bigger dictionary including more key–value pairs. Consider the following scenario: let's say we wish to change the labels of the first and third columns (index 0 and 2) from "Name" and "Gender" to "Student" and "Sex," respectively. The code that follows is usable:

df = df.rename(columns={df.columns[0]: 'Student', df.columns[2]: 'Sex'})
print(df)

Output:

   Student  Years Sex Grade
0    Alice     12   F     A
1      Bob     13   M     B
2  Charlie     14   M     C
3    David     12   M     A
4      Eve     13   F     B

This will modify the DataFrame in place and change the column names from 'Name' and 'Gender' to 'Student' and 'Sex', respectively. If we print the DataFrame, we will see the updated column names.

Using List Comprehension

import pandas as pd

data = {'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie'],
        'Age': [25, 30, 22],
        'Salary': [50000, 60000, 45000]}

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# Display original dataset
print("Original Dataset:")
print(df)

# Rename columns with index numbers using list comprehension
df.columns = [f'Column_{index}' for index in range(len(df.columns))]

# Display dataset with renamed columns
print("\nDataset with Renamed Columns:")
print(df)

Output:

Original Dataset:
      Name  Age  Salary
0    Alice   25   50000
1      Bob   30   60000
2  Charlie   22   45000
Dataset with Renamed Columns:
  Column_0  Column_1  Column_2
0    Alice        25     50000
1      Bob        30     60000
2  Charlie        22     45000

In both methods, we first display the original dataset to provide context. The enumerate() function is used to get both the column names and their corresponding index numbers. The new column names are then generated based on these index numbers and applied to the DataFrame.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Pandas provides efficient methods for renaming columns with index numbers, aiding clarity and standardization in data manipulation tasks.