Will SSDs Replace HDDs? Experts Weigh In

QLC vs. TLC: Understanding NVMe Cell Types QLC (Quad-Level Cell) and TLC (Triple-Level Cell) are two types of NAND flash memory used in NVMe SSDs. These terms refer to the number of bits of data that can be stored in a single memory cell. QLC (Quad-Level Cell) Storage Density: QLC cells store four bits of data per cell, providing higher storage capacities. Cost: QLC SSDs are generally more affordable than TLC SSDs due to their higher storage density. Write Endurance: QLC cells have a lower write endurance compared to TLC cells. This means they may degrade faster over time with heavy write workloads. TLC (Triple-Level Cell) Write Endurance: TLC cells store three bits of data per cell, offering better write endurance than QLC cells. Storage Density: TLC SSDs have a lower storage density compared to QLC SSDs. Cost: TLC SSDs are generally more expensive than QLC SSDs due to their lower storage density. Choosing Between QLC and TLC: The choice between QLC and TLC SSDs depends on your specific needs: * Storage Capacity: If you require a high storage capacity and are willing to sacrifice some write endurance, a QLC SSD might be suitable. * Write Endurance: If you have heavy write workloads, a TLC SSD may be a better choice due to its higher write endurance. * Budget: If cost is a major factor, QLC SSDs can be a more affordable option. Additional Considerations: * Controller Quality: The controller in an NVMe SSD plays a crucial role in its performance. Look * Warranty: A longer warranty can provide peace of mind, especially for high-capacity SSDs. Stores four bits of data per cell is a characteristic of QLC (Quad-Level Cell) NAND flash memory This means that each individual memory cell in a QLC chip can store four bits of data, which translates to a higher storage density compared to traditional SLC (Single-Level Cell) or TLC (Triple-Level Cell) flash memory. QLC is commonly used in modern SSDs (Solid-State Drives) to achieve higher storage capacities while keeping the physical size of the drive relatively small. QLC (Quad-Level Cell): Stores four bits of data per cell) ILC (Triple-Level Cell: Stores three bits of data per cell) #ssd #NVMe #computer #gaming #innovation #speed #technology #srilanka #HighPerformanceGaming #NVMeSSD #GlobalTech #DataTransfer #gadgetbox #QLC #TLC

🚚 Smarter logistics, powered by advanced optimization Route optimization is at the core of efficient logistics, from parcel delivery to complex warehouse operations. But many solvers struggle with real-world complexity and scalability.  That’s why our research team developed #TQrouting, a high-performance vehicle routing solver that consistently delivers near-optimal solutions, faster, demonstrating the strength of our optimization expertise.  ✅ Supports constraints and features like time windows, load and duration limits, driver shifts, multiple depots, and heterogeneous fleets   ✅ Proven benchmark performance across diverse VRP types, from CVRPs with 1000+ clients to large-scale problems with 30,000 clients   ✅ Built as part of Terra Quantum AG’s ecosystem of research tools, with adaptability in mind, able to meet customer-specific routing challenges  Our research continues exploring advanced acceleration through distributed and parallel computing on CPUs, GPUs, and QPUs to pave the way toward quantum-enhanced routing.  🔗 Read the full article here, part of our ongoing series showcasing the breadth and applicability of Terra Quantum AG’s research: https://lnkd.in/dAnHU_w9 #QuantumIsNow  #Logistics #RoutingOptimization #VRP #QuantumOptimization #HybridQuantumSolutions

Proud to share our team’s work on #TQrouting — a high-performance, generic VRP solver designed to tackle a broad range of routing challenges with state-of-the-art solution quality. From large-scale CVRP with up to 30,000 customers to VRP with Time Windows, Multi-Depot VRP, and the Team Orienteering Problem — #TQrouting delivers speed, scalability, and flexibility for real-world logistics. Special thanks to Mikhail Somov, Katsiaryna T., Julius von Selchow, Satanei Zhinova, Steven Beckers, Anya Schukin, and Michael Perelshtein for the fantastic collaboration — and to everyone at Terra Quantum for fostering an environment where cutting-edge optimization research thrives. Read the full article here: https://lnkd.in/eZhUbSD5 Curious to learn more or see a demo? Feel free to reach out! #RoutingOptimization #VRP #LastMile #SupplyChain #OperationsResearch #Logistics #Optimization #TerraQuantumResearch

🚀 𝗘𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗱𝗱𝗲𝗱 𝗦𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄 𝗤𝟭𝟭🚀 ❓ 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗿𝘂𝗽𝘁 𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆. 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗶𝘁 𝗯𝗲 𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘇𝗲𝗱? 💡 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗿𝘂𝗽𝘁 𝗟𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆? Interrupt latency is the time delay between the occurrence of an interrupt event and the start of the corresponding Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) execution. In other words: 👉 An external/internal event (like a GPIO pin change, timer overflow, UART receive) happens. 👉 The CPU takes some time before actually running your ISR. 👉 That time gap = interrupt latency. 💡 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗿𝘂𝗽𝘁 𝗟𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆 ✅ 1. CPU Pipeline & Current Instruction Execution 🔹 The CPU must finish (or safely abort) the instruction it’s currently executing before handling the interrupt. 🔹 Some instructions (like division or memory access) take longer. ✅ 2. Interrupt Controller & Priority Handling 🔹 If multiple interrupts occur, the controller must decide which one to service first. 🔹 Pending interrupts with lower priority wait longer. ✅ 3. Interrupt Masking 🔹 If global interrupts are disabled (cli in AVR, CPSID i in ARM Cortex-M), even a triggered interrupt won’t be serviced until re-enabled. ✅ 4. ISR Nesting / Other ISRs Running 🔹 If a higher or same-priority interrupt is being serviced, lower-priority ones wait. ✅ 5. Context Saving/Restoring 🔹 When an ISR begins, CPU state (registers, program counter, etc.) must be saved. 🔹 On exit, the context must be restored. 💡 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗗𝗼𝗲𝘀 𝗜𝘁 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿? 👉 In real-time embedded systems, predictable and low interrupt latency is crucial. 👉 High latency can cause missed events (e.g., UART buffer overflow, missed encoder pulses, timing errors in motor control). 💡 𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝘁𝗼 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘇𝗲 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗿𝘂𝗽𝘁 𝗟𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆 ✅ 1. Keep ISRs Short & Fast 🔹Do only the urgent work inside ISR (e.g., read a register, clear the flag). 🔹Defer heavy processing to the main loop or an RTOS task. ✅ 2. Enable Interrupt Nesting (if supported) 🔹 Let higher-priority interrupts preempt lower-priority ones. ✅ 3. Avoid Disabling Interrupts for Long Periods 🔹 Use critical sections carefully (only for very short, atomic operations). ✅ 4. Optimize Compiler & ISR Entry/Exit 🔹 Use inline functions, fast interrupt modes (FIQ in ARM), or vectorized interrupts. ✅ 5. Tune Interrupt Priorities 🔹 Assign high priority to time-critical events (e.g., motor control, high-speed communication). 🔹 Keep less critical tasks at lower priority. ✅ 6. Use DMA (Direct Memory Access) Where Possible 🔹 Offload data transfer (e.g., UART, SPI, ADC) to DMA, reducing interrupt load. ✅ 7. Choose the Right MCU/Architecture 🔹 Some MCUs have deterministic interrupt latency (like ARM Cortex-M with tail-chaining). 🔹 Others have higher overhead due to longer pipelines. What’s the lowest interrupt latency you’ve achieved in your projects? #EmbeddedSystems #Microcontrollers #Firmware #Interrupts

What Is Intel Speed Shift Technology Dynamic CPU Performance Modern computing needs fast responses and smart power use. This new tech is a big step forward in processor tech.This system lets processors pick the best speeds and voltages on their own. It makes intel cpu performance better and saves energy.It's different from old software methods. This tech makes changes fast, without waiting for the operating system.This is a big step in dynamic frequency sca

What Is Intel Speed Shift Technology Dynamic CPU Performance Modern computing needs fast responses and smart power use. This new tech is a big step forward in processor tech.This system lets processors pick the best speeds and voltages on their own. It makes intel cpu performance better and saves energy.It's different from old software methods. This tech makes changes fast, without waiting for the operating system.This is a big step in dynamic frequency sca

❓Question: What critical features of modern storage solutions are essential to mitigate the inefficiencies in compute and latency in AI workflows? 💡Answer: Modern storage solutions must be designed to (1) “keep the pipes full” regardless of the IO size or access pattern, (2) enable larger capacities higher up in the memory-storage hierarchy to allow low latency access to massive data sets, (3) ensure that checkpoint writes can be completed quickly so the GPUs can move on to the next task. New stages in the memory-storage hierarchy have emerged and are emerging to address these design needs. Recently, High-bandwidth memory brought larger memory caches directly into the GPU package. CXL (compute express link) technology has also begun to ramp as a means to bring higher capacities and higher total bandwidth into the memory tier. CXL attaches DRAM via the PCIe bus instead of coupling it with CPUs. CXL will have higher latency than CPU-attached DRAM, but significantly lower latency and finer-grain access than SSDs. New AI-optimized SSD controllers are in development to address the need for smaller IO transfers. Thank you JB Baker for this answer. More next week. #OneWeekOneAnswer

Microchip Technology Inc. launches the world’s first 3nm PCIe® Gen 6 switch! Switchtec Gen 6 offers 64 GT/s bandwidth, AI-ready low latency, post-quantum security & 160-lane support. Powering next-gen data centers & AI infrastructure. #AI #HPC #PCIe6 #Semiconductors #Microchip https://lnkd.in/gg6tXQ7t

💾 Zooming Through Memory Lane: The DDR Story ⚡ Ever wondered how your CPU gets data so fast? Let’s take a joyride down Memory Lane! 🛣️ Once upon a time, computers used single data rate (SDR) memory—data could only travel once per clock tick. The CPU often sat idle, tapping its circuits impatiently. ⏳ Enter DDR (Double Data Rate) memory! 🚀 DDR is like adding turbo lanes to Memory Lane—it can send data twice per clock cycle, on both the rising and falling edge of the clock. The CPU finally got its data without waiting in traffic jams. DDR kept evolving: DDR2 – added extra lanes 🛣️ DDR3 – faster with less energy ⚡ DDR4 – smoother and quicker 💨 DDR5 – a super-speed expressway with smart traffic control 🏎️💾 Timing is key: latency decides when data moves, and bandwidth decides how much can travel at once. Together, they make sure your digital world is fast, smooth, and fun! 🎮💻 Moral of the story: With DDR memory, your CPU isn’t just working—it’s sprinting! ⚡ #TechStory #DDR #RAM #CPU #STEM #Electronics #GeekFun #Learning

🚀 Ever wondered how your CPU accesses data so incredibly fast? Let's talk about Caching – the unsung hero of computer performance! Many think of RAM as the primary fast memory, but there's an even quicker, smaller memory located right next to the CPU chip: the Cache. Its main job is to store frequently used data and instructions, preventing the CPU from constantly having to "knock" on the slower RAM. Think of it like a handy notebook you keep right by your side while solving a complex problem – instant access to the most crucial notes! Cache memory is organized into levels, each with its own role: -L1 Cache (Level 1): This is the smallest and fastest cache level, sitting directly on each CPU core. It's so critical it's split into two categories: -L1d (Data Cache): Stores data the CPU has recently accessed. -L1i (Instruction Cache): Stores instructions the CPU needs to execute next. -L1 cache holds the most immediate data and instructions for the CPU's current task. L2 Cache (Level 2): Larger and slightly slower than L1, but still much faster than RAM. It often serves one or more CPU cores. L3 Cache (Level 3): The largest and slowest of the cache levels, but still significantly faster than RAM. It's typically shared across all CPU cores. This multi-level hierarchy ensures that the CPU always has the most relevant information within arm's reach, dramatically speeding up processing and overall system responsiveness. It's a fundamental concept in optimizing modern computing! What are your thoughts on CPU caching? Share in the comments! #CPUCaching #ComputerScience #Hardware #Performance #TechExplained #SoftwareEngineering