Understanding the noise effects of decoherence
We learned in Chapter 9, Simulating Quantum Systems and Noise Models, that we can generate various noise models that are based on the configuration of a specified quantum computer. After the configuration information is extracted, we can then apply any one of an array of error functions to a local simulator, which will reproduce similar error effects to what we would get from a quantum computer.
In this section, we will expand on that to learn how these errors affect our circuits over time. The two effects we will review here are the two most common issues found in near-term quantum systems: relaxation and dephasing. These are critical errors as they can affect the quantum state information, which would result in erroneous responses.
Later in this chapter, we will also look at readout errors, another common source of noise that originates when the system is applying a measurement pulse, while in parallel, listening in on the acquisition...
