(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
ip2long — ドット表記の (IPv4) IP アドレスを、長整数表現に変換する
関数 ip2long() は、インターネット標準形式 (ドット表記の文字列) 表現から、長整数表現の IPv4 インターネットネットアドレスを生成します。
ip2long() は不完全な形式の IP アドレスに対しても動作します。詳しい情報は » http://ps-2.kev009.com/wisclibrary/aix52/usr/share/man/info/en_US/a_doc_lib/libs/commtrf2/inet_addr.htm を参照ください。
ip標準形式のアドレス。
長整数値、あるいは ip
が不正な形式の場合に false を返します。
例1 ip2long() の例
<?php
$ip = gethostbyname('www.example.com');
$out = "以下の URL は同じ意味です:<br />\n";
$out .= 'http://www.example.com/, http://' . $ip . '/, そして http://' . sprintf("%u", ip2long($ip)) . "/<br />\n";
echo $out;
?>
例2 IP アドレスの表示
2 番目の例は、変換されたアドレスを printf() 関数で出力する方法を示すものです。
<?php
$ip = gethostbyname('www.example.com');
$long = ip2long($ip);
if ($long == -1 || $long === FALSE) {
echo '無効な IP です。もういちど確認してください。';
} else {
echo $ip . "\n"; // 192.0.34.166
echo $long . "\n"; // 3221234342 (32 ビット・システムでの -1073732954。整数オーバーフローによるものです)
printf("%u\n", ip2long($ip)); // 3221234342
}
?>A quick method to convert a netmask (ex: 255.255.255.240) to a cidr mask (ex: /28):
<?php
function mask2cidr($mask){
$long = ip2long($mask);
$base = ip2long('255.255.255.255');
return 32-log(($long ^ $base)+1,2);
/* xor-ing will give you the inverse mask,
log base 2 of that +1 will return the number
of bits that are off in the mask and subtracting
from 32 gets you the cidr notation */
}
?><?php
/*
Given an IP address and Subnet Mask,
determine the subnet address, broadcast address, and wildcard mask
by using bitwise operators
ref: http://php.net/manual/en/language.operators.bitwise.php
*/
$ip='10.10.10.7';
$mask='255.255.255.0';
$wcmask=long2ip( ~ip2long($mask) );
$subnet=long2ip( ip2long($ip) & ip2long($mask) );
$bcast=long2ip( ip2long($ip) | ip2long($wcmask) );
echo "Given address $ip and mask $mask, \n" .
"the subnet is $subnet and broadcast is $bcast \n" .
"with a wildcard mask of $wcmask";
/*
Given address 10.10.10.7 and mask 255.255.255.0,
the subnet is 10.10.10.0 and broadcast is 10.10.10.255
with a wildcard mask of 0.0.0.255
*/
?>I wrote a small function to validate a netmask (We have a form where the netmask of a given server is entered in, and I wanted to make sure it was valid). Hope this is useful.
<?php
// Netmask Validator //
function checkNetmask($ip) {
if (!ip2long($ip)) {
return false;
} elseif(strlen(decbin(ip2long($ip))) != 32 && ip2long($ip) != 0) {
return false;
} elseif(ereg('01',decbin(ip2long($ip))) || !ereg('0',decbin(ip2long($ip)))) {
return false;
} else {
return true;
}
}
?>Keep in mind that storing IP addresses inside of your database as integers (rather than 15 character strings in decimal format, or 8 character strings in hex format) is hundreds of times faster.
Take the typical case of a MySQL database doing a search for an IP address on thousands (or millions!) of rows; you're either doing a string compare for each entry, or an integer equation. If you do your indexes correctly, your lookups should be literally 100x faster using an INT rather than a VARCHAR.
Also note that an integer doesn't need to be escaped when passed to a database. :)To nate, who advises that there is no reason to use an unsigned version of the IP in a MySQL DB:
I think it would depend on your application, but personally, I find it useful to store IP's as unsigneds since MySQL has 2 native functions, INET_ATON() and INET_NTOA(), which work the same as ip2long()/long2ip() _except_ that they generate the unsigned counterpart. So if you want, you could do:
-- IANA Class-B reserved/private
SELECT * FROM `servers`
WHERE `ip` >= INET_ATON('192.168.0.0')
AND `ip` <= INET_ATON('192.168.255.255');
In my current application, I find it easier to use the MySQL built-ins than the PHP counter-parts.
In case you're curious as to the names ATON and NTOA:
ATON = address to number aka. ip2long
NTOA = number to address aka. long2ipJust want to add a comment to kaputt's valuable contribution to the task of matching hosts to ip ranges, efficiently. The script works fine if the binary representation of the ip involves no leading zeros. Unfortunately, the way decbin() seems to work, leading zeros in the binary representation of the first ip quad get dropped. That is a serious matter if you're trying to match all possible candidates in the checklist. In those cases the leading zeros need to be added back to get accurate matches for values in the first quad between 0-127 (or the binary equivalent, 0-01111111).
The solution I came up with to address this issue was the following function:
<?php
function addLeadingZero($ip) {
if (($result = (32 - strlen($ip))) > 0)
return str_repeat("0", $result).$ip;
}
?>In using a combination of jbothe's code below and some of the "$mask = 0xFFFFFFFF << (32 - $bits)" type code, I ran into an error with some later calculations on a 64 bit machine.
Keep in mind that when you're analyzing numbers meant to be treated as 32 bits wide (such as IP addresses), you may want to truncate them. Without relying on other libraries, it was simple enough to follow any calculations that may end with different results on a 64 bit machine with " & 0xFFFFFFFF"
Though in many cases, it seems like it might be simpler to just use "~0 << ..." for initial shifting to create the network mask instead of "0xFFFFFFFF << ...". I don't know that it guarantees further operations to work as expected though.To get the network adress out of the broadcast adress and netmask just to an AND on it:
<?php
// simple example
$bcast = ip2long("192.168.178.255");
$smask = ip2long("255.255.255.0");
$nmask = $bcast & $smask;
echo long2ip($nmask); // Will give 192.168.178.0
?>
With this example you are able to check if a given host is in your own local net or not (on linux):
<?php
/**
* Check if a client IP is in our Server subnet
*
* @param string $client_ip
* @param string $server_ip
* @return boolean
*/
function clientInSameSubnet($client_ip=false,$server_ip=false) {
if (!$client_ip)
$client_ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
if (!$server_ip)
$server_ip = $_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR'];
// Extract broadcast and netmask from ifconfig
if (!($p = popen("ifconfig","r"))) return false;
$out = "";
while(!feof($p))
$out .= fread($p,1024);
fclose($p);
// This is because the php.net comment function does not
// allow long lines.
$match = "/^.*".$server_ip;
$match .= ".*Bcast:(\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}i\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}).*";
$match .= "Mask:(\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})$/im";
if (!preg_match($match,$out,$regs))
return false;
$bcast = ip2long($regs[1]);
$smask = ip2long($regs[2]);
$ipadr = ip2long($client_ip);
$nmask = $bcast & $smask;
return (($ipadr & $smask) == ($nmask & $smask));
}
?>The manual states that "ip2long() will also work with non-complete IP addresses", however this is system-dependant so cannot be relied upon. For example, on my system ip2long() will return FALSE for incomplete addresses:
<?php
var_dump(ip2long("255.255")); // bool(false)
?>
This is because ip2long will use inet_pton if available, which does not support non-complete addresses. If inet_pton is not available on your system, inet_addr will be used and incomplete addresses will work as stated.sorry i just wrote wrong, sorry. this is the right one. thanks.
<?php
/**
* convert cidr to ip range
* From: <https://github.com/www-schat-top>
* @param string $cidr "192.168.0.0/23"
* @return array ["192.168.0.0", "192.168.1.255"]
*/
function cidr2range($cidr){
list( $subnet, $mask ) = explode( '/', $cidr );
return [$subnet, long2ip(ip2long( $subnet ) | (pow(2,( 32 - $mask ))-1))];
}
?>Unfortunately sprintf('%u', ...) is low and returns string representation of integer value instead of integer.
Here is a function I use to convert IP to mySQL-compatible signed integer:
function ip2int($ip) {
if (!$r = ip2long($ip)) return 0; // we want 0 instead of false, even in case of bad IP
if ($r > 2147483647)
$r-= 4294967296;
return $r; // ok
}Hi,
based on examples above I have mixed class IPFilter with netMatch function wich gives me complete class for IP4 check including CIDR IP format:
<?php
class IP4Filter {
private static $_IP_TYPE_SINGLE = 'single';
private static $_IP_TYPE_WILDCARD = 'wildcard';
private static $_IP_TYPE_MASK = 'mask';
private static $_IP_TYPE_CIDR = 'CIDR';
private static $_IP_TYPE_SECTION = 'section';
private $_allowed_ips = array();
public function __construct($allowed_ips) {
$this->_allowed_ips = $allowed_ips;
}
public function check($ip, $allowed_ips = null) {
$allowed_ips = $allowed_ips ? $allowed_ips : $this->_allowed_ips;
foreach ($allowed_ips as $allowed_ip) {
$type = $this->_judge_ip_type($allowed_ip);
$sub_rst = call_user_func(array($this, '_sub_checker_' . $type), $allowed_ip, $ip);
if ($sub_rst) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
private function _judge_ip_type($ip) {
if (strpos($ip, '*')) {
return self :: $_IP_TYPE_WILDCARD