Scribd
Upload
42 views1 page

GSM Carrier Frequencies

GSM networks operate using a number of carrier frequency ranges, most commonly 900 MHz or 1800 MHz for 2G networks. These frequency bands are divided into timeslots and radio frequencies to allow multiple phones to communicate simultaneously. For 2G networks, each radio frequency uses 8 timeslots grouped into a frame lasting 4.615 ms to allow 8 full-rate or 16 half-rate voice channels per frequency. The transmission power of handsets is limited to 2 watts for GSM 850/900 and 1 watt for GSM 1800/1900. Originally, GSM used linear predictive coding-based codecs called Half Rate and Full Rate, and later introduced enhanced codecs like Enhanced Full Rate and AMR-Narrowband.

Uploaded by

subhra.ray83
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
42 views1 page

GSM Carrier Frequencies

GSM networks operate using a number of carrier frequency ranges, most commonly 900 MHz or 1800 MHz for 2G networks. These frequency bands are divided into timeslots and radio frequencies to allow multiple phones to communicate simultaneously. For 2G networks, each radio frequency uses 8 timeslots grouped into a frame lasting 4.615 ms to allow 8 full-rate or 16 half-rate voice channels per frequency. The transmission power of handsets is limited to 2 watts for GSM 850/900 and 1 watt for GSM 1800/1900. Originally, GSM used linear predictive coding-based codecs called Half Rate and Full Rate, and later introduced enhanced codecs like Enhanced Full Rate and AMR-Narrowband.

Uploaded by

subhra.ray83
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

GSM carrier frequencies Main article: GSM frequency bands GSM networks operate in a number of different carrier frequency

ranges (separated into GSM frequency ranges for 2G and UMTS frequency bands for 3G), with most 2G GSM networks operating in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Where these bands were already allocated, the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands were used instead (for example in Canada and the United States). In rare cases the 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are assigned in some countries because they were previously used for first-generation systems. Most 3G networks in Europe operate in the 2100 MHz frequency band. Regardless of the frequency selected by an operator, it is divided into timeslots for individual phones to use. This allows eight full-rate or sixteen half-rate speech channels per radio frequency. These eight radio timeslots (or eight burst periods) are grouped into a TDMA frame. Half rate channels use alternate frames in the same timeslot. The channel data rate for all 8 channels is 270.833 kbit/s, and the frame duration is 4.615 ms. The transmission power in the handset is limited to a maximum of 2 watts in GSM 850/900 and 1 watt in GSM 1800/1900. [edit] Voice codecs GSM has used a variety of voice codecs to squeeze 3.1 kHz audio into between 6.5 and 13 kbit/s. Originally, two codecs, named after the types of data channel they were allocated, were used, called Half Rate (6.5 kbit/s) and Full Rate (13 kbit/s). These used a system based upon linear predictive coding (LPC). In addition to being efficient with bitrates, these codecs also made it easier to identify more important parts of the audio, allowing the air interface layer to prioritize and better protect these parts of the signal. GSM was further enhanced in 1997[9] with the Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) codec, a 12.2 kbit/s codec that uses a full rate channel. Finally, with the development of UMTS, EFR was refactored into a variable-rate codec called AMR-Narrowband, which is high quality and robust against interference when used on full rate channels, and less robust but still relatively high quality when used in good radio conditions on half-rate channels.

You might also like