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NDE Volumetric Vs Planar Defects Ratio

This document discusses the differences between planar and volumetric defects in non-destructive evaluation. Planar defects have a height to width ratio of 6 or above, meaning they are thin in one dimension but larger in the other two. Volumetric defects have a ratio between 1 to 3.8, describing a three-dimensional volume. Common planar defects include cracks and lack of fusion, while volumetric defects include slag and porosity. Ultrasonic testing is well-suited for planar defects, while radiography works well for volumetric flaws. The document provides examples of height to width ratios to classify different defect types.

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8K views4 pages

NDE Volumetric Vs Planar Defects Ratio

This document discusses the differences between planar and volumetric defects in non-destructive evaluation. Planar defects have a height to width ratio of 6 or above, meaning they are thin in one dimension but larger in the other two. Volumetric defects have a ratio between 1 to 3.8, describing a three-dimensional volume. Common planar defects include cracks and lack of fusion, while volumetric defects include slag and porosity. Ultrasonic testing is well-suited for planar defects, while radiography works well for volumetric flaws. The document provides examples of height to width ratios to classify different defect types.

Uploaded by

lram70
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Some basic information about Planar Vs Volumetric defects in NDE

Defect shape is usually classified in two types:


volumetric, for which the ratio between height and width is next to
unity, and
planar, whose width is, indeed, very small with respect to the
height.

What are planar defect? Give example

Planar flaws are thin in one dimension but larger in the other two dimensions.
Defect Height to Width Ratio above 6 is called as Planar defects.
Planar defect example (e.g. cracks, lack of fusion and incomplete
penetration)

Comparing based on ratio of Height to Width

Planar defects (Height to


Width ratio)
Defect Height Defect Width Ratio
For Sl no 4: in mm in mm H/W Defect type
4 0.5 8 Planar

For Sl no 5: 4 0.3 13.33 Planar

For Planar defects, the width may be very small, with respect to the
height.
Generally,
When the Ratio of H /W= 6 and above, these type of defects are
characterised as planar defects.

What are volumetric defects and Defect Height to Width ratio?

 Volumetric flaws can be described by three dimensions or a


volume.

 Volumetric defect height to width ratio is between 1 to 3.8


(refer graph)

 Volumetric defects such as slag entrapment and porosity are all


easily detected.

UT is used for
1. It is very good for the detection of planar defects and cracks.
RT is used for
1. Good for finding volumetric defects such as slag and
porosity.
2. There are problems in detecting planar defects and fine
cracks if these are normal to the beam.

Various defects Height to Width ratio (H/ W Ratio) shapes


Volumetric defect Heigth to width ratio 1.0 to 3.8 ,Transition 3.8 to6, Planar 6 and above

Volumetric Vs Planar defects


( Height to Width ratio)
Sl no 1 Widt
to5 Height h Ratio Defect type

Sl no 1: 3 3 1 Volumetric defect

Sl no 2 : 4 1.5 2.66 Volumetric defect

Partially Volumetric (or)


Sl no : 3 4 1 4 Planar
Sl no 4: 4 0.5 8 Planar defect
Sl no: 5 4 0.3 13.33 Planar defect
Reference: http://www.oegfzp.at/fileadmin/papers/28_wcndtfinal00028.pdf

Schematic diagram showing the Volumetric defect Vs Planar Defect


ratios

Volumetric flaw classification and NDE detection methods


Volumetric flaws
Porosity,Inclusions,Slag,Tungsten &Other,
Shrinkage,Holes and voids,Corrosion thinning,Corrosion pitting

NDE Detection methods


Visual (surface),Replica (surface),Liquid penetrant (surface),Magnetic particle (surface and
subsurface),Eddy current,Microwave,Ultrasonic,Radiography

Table 2 lists some of the various types of planar flaws, along with appropriate NDE
detection methods.
Planar flaw classification and NDE detection methods
Planar flaws
Seams,Lamination,Lack of bonding,Forging or rolling lap,Casting cold shut,
Heat treatment cracks,Grinding cracks,Plating cracks,Fatigue cracks,Stress-corrosion cracks,Welding
cracks,Lack of fusion,Incomplete penetration
Brazing debond
NDE detection methods
Visual,Replication microscopy,MT,Magnetic field, ECT,Microwave,Electric current
perturbation,Magabsorption,UT,Acoustic emission,Thermography

Reference: http://www.oegfzp.at/fileadmin/papers/28_wcndtfinal00028.pdf
Compiled By LRamachandran

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