11

Reinforced Concrete Design

Two-Way Slabs

Design of Two-Way Slab

Moment Coefficient Method

Load Transfer from Two-Way Slab

Bar Detailing

Design Example

Slab on Ground
Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET

SURANAREE

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING


 






   L  
   S
L

G
B

B
G

() 
 

B
B

() 
 






 
   ! " 
  S $%   L

Simple supports
on all four edges



( L < 2S )
 !" # $% tmin :
S

Perimeter
2 (L + S)
=
10 cm
180
180

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'!(


As RB 9 Temp. steel
Min. Spacing main steel 4/3 max agg. 2.5 cm
Max. Spacing 3 t 45 cm

d   d 

1 

') !*
')'+
,!!
 



 

-Ms

 



S/4

+Ms
+ML

-ML

 

-ML

S/4

-Ms
L/4

S/2

L/2

L/4

Middle strip moment: MM = CwS2

Column strip moment: MC = 2MM/3



./
0
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0.9 0.8 0.7

 !
0.6

0.5

0.033 0.040 0.048 0.055 0.063 0.083 0.033

0.025 0.030 0.036 0.041 0.047 0.062 0.025
0.041 0.048 0.055 0.062 0.069 0.085 0.041
0.021 0.024 0.027 0.031 0.035 0.042 0.021
0.031 0.036 0.041 0.047 0.052 0.064 0.031
0.049 0.057 0.064 0.071 0.078 0.090 0.049
0.025 0.028 0.032 0.036 0.039 0.045 0.025
0.037 0.043 0.048 0.054 0.059 0.068 0.037

 


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1.0

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0.9 0.8 0.7

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0.6

0.5

0
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- 0.058 0.066 0.074 0.082 0.090 0.098 0.058
-  0.029 0.033 0.037 0.041 0.045 0.049 0.029

0.044 0.050 0.056 0.062 0.068 0.074 0.044
0
14123
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0.050 0.057 0.064 0.072 0.080 0.083 0.050


3 4 "5 




w

wS/3


   


wS
3

45o


    

w S 3 m2

3 2

wS/3(3-m2)/2


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Sn / 4

Sn / 3

Sn / 7

Sn / 4

6*# 

Sn

Ln / 4

Ln / 3

Ln / 7

Ln / 4
Ln

6*#  



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L/5

L =   

L/5



Example: Design two-way slab as shown below to carry the live load 300-kg/m2
fc = 240 kg/cm2, fy = 2,400 kg/cm2
0.10

4.00
3.80

0.50
0.20

0.20

Cross section

Min h = 2(400+500)/180 = 10 cm
5.00

4.80

DL = 0.10(2,400) = 240 kg/m2

wu = 1.4(240)+1.7(300) = 846 kg/m2
m = 4.00/5.00 = 0.8

Floor plan

max = 0.75

0.85(240)(0.85)
6,120

4,000
6,120 + 4,000

= 0.0197

2!$

#  (m = 0.8)
Short span
Moment coeff. C

-M(

)

+M

-M(

)

0.032

0.048

0.064

Max. M = C w S 2 = 0.064 846 4.02 = 866 kg-m/1 m width

d = 10 - 2(covering) - 0.5(half of DB10) = 7.5 cm
Rn =

Mu
86,600
=
= 17.11 kg/cm2
2
2
b d
0.9 100 7.5
0.85fc
2Rn
1 1
= 0.0045
fy
0.85fc

max = 0.0197

OK

As = 0.0045(100)(7.5) = 3.36 cm2

Select short span reinforcement DB10 @ 0.20 m (As = 3.90 cm2)
As,min = 0.0018(100)(10) = 1.8 cm2 > As

OK

2!$

#  (m = 0.8)
Long span
Moment coeff. C

-M(

)

+M

-M(

)

0.025

0.037

0.049

Max. M = C w S 2 = 0.049 846 4.02 = 663 kg-m/1 m width

d = 10 - 2(covering) - 1.5(half of DB10) = 6.5 cm
Rn =
=

Mu
66,300
=
= 17.44 kg/cm2
2
2
b d
0.9 100 7.5
0.85 fc
2Rn
1 1
fy
0.85 fc

= 0.0046

max = 0.0197

OK

As = 0.0045(100)(6.5) = 2.97 cm2

Select short span reinforcement DB10 @ 0.20 m (As = 3.90 cm2)
As,min = 0.0018(100)(10) = 1.8 cm2 > As

OK


 567689:4


  !

= wuS/4 = (846)(4.0)/4

Vu

= 846

$%%
 


Vc

../.

= 0.85(0.53) 240 (100)(7.5)

= 5,234

../.

OK

;<
3
As,min = 0.0018(100)(10) = 1.8 cm2
Select temp. steel reinforcement DB10 @ 0.30 m (As = 2.60 cm2)

[email protected]  &'&()
[email protected]
  
[email protected]  &'&()
0.10
0.50

0.95
1.30

0.55
0.95
3.80

0.20

23

0.20

[email protected]  &'&()
[email protected]
  

[email protected]  &'&()
0.10

0.50

0.70
1.20
0.20

1.20
1.60
4.80

23!

0.20


' (Slab-On-Ground)

spacing

Max. joint spacing, m

6
Range of
max. spacing

0
0

10

15

20

30

Slab thickness, cm



"&4 
&5
6* (Wire mesh)
! '"  %(
! $
 

) 
. 737-2531  fy = 5,000 ../5
.2
 ,  

. 4

., 15 5
. 15 5
.
4

. 4

., 20 5
. 20 5
.
4

. 4

., 25 5
. 25 5
.
4

. 4

., 30 5
. 30 5
.
6

. 6

., 20 5
. 20 5
.
6

. 6

., 25 5
. 25 5
.
6

. 6

., 30 5
. 30 5
.

 $"# 
(
.F!. / !.)




4 "
(./
.!.)

+

0.838
0.629

0.838
0.629

1.317
0.988

0.503
0.419

0.503
0.419

0.790
0.658

1.414
1.131
0.943

1.414
1.131
0.943

2.220
1.776
1.481

"&
'!,') Subgrade Drag

W
T

 T  :% ;  <"$(

:%  T 


  1 

T = A s fs =

FL W
2

As =  "$(


  1 
 (5
.2)
W = ! " (../
.)
L =

 
 (
)
F = 
?%@A  (1.5 B


;$)
fs = " 
'""$(
(../.5
.)

?
B"$(

  1 


') 4 
:

FL W
As =
2 fs

As =

FL (1.4 W ) FL W
=
2 fy
1.43 fy

B'C Wire mesh fy = 5,000 ./.5

.  fs  
'" 1,700 ../.5
.  

 $ 9.7 :
 <! "%%  6.0 
 <'C
Wire mesh
! $
 fy = 5,000 ../5
.2
') 4 $

" <'C D  12 5
.
W = 0.12(2,400)
= 288

../
.

?
B"$( 'C
As =

FL W 1.5 6.0 288

=
1.43 fy
1.43 5,000

= 0.363 .5
./


$'C

WWR 4

Max. joint spacing, m

! "

6
Range of
max. spacing

0
0

10

15

20

Slab thickness, cm

.
. 4
.
., 30 5
. 30 5
. (As = 0.419 .5
./
)

30

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16

Reinforced Concrete Design

Design of Slabs

Types of Slabs

Load Paths and Framing Concepts

One-way Slabs

Two-way Slabs
Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET

SURANAREE
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Types of Slab

One-way slab

Flat plate slab

One-way slab

Flat slab

Two-way slab

Grid slab

Load Path / Framing Possibilities

Ln = 3.2 m

Ln = 4.4 m

Ln = 3.6 m
Ln = 8.2 m

Think well need some additional framing members???

Framing Concepts
Lets use a simple example
for our discussion
Column spacing 8 m c-c

Think about relating it to your

design project.

Plan

Framing Concepts
We can first assume that
well have major girders
running in one direction
in our one-way system

Framing Concepts
We can first assume that
well have major girders
running in one direction
in our one-way system
If we span between girders
with our slab, then we have
a load path, but if the spans
are too long

Framing Concepts
We will need to shorten up
the span with additional beams
But we need to support the
load from these new beams,
so we will need additional
supporting members

Framing Concepts
Now lets go back through with
a slightly different load path.
We again assume that well
have major girders running in
one direction in our one-way
system.
This time, lets think about
shortening up the slab span by
running beams into our girders.
Our one-way slab will transfer our load to the beams.

Two Load Path Options

Framing Concepts - Considerations

For your structure:
Look for a natural load path
Identify which column lines are best suited to having
major framing members (i.e. girders)
Assume walls are not there for structural support, but
consider that the may help you in construction (forming)

Example
Condo Floor Plan

One-way Slab



   

L

m
0
.
1

Main reinforcement

Design of one-way slabs is like design of parallel 1m beams.

Design of One-way Slab (L > 2S)




   1

w

1m

S
S

Minimum Thickness (ACI)

Simply
supported

One end
continuous

Both ends
continuous

Cantilever

L/20

L/24

L/28

L/10

*multiplied

by 0.4 + fy/7,000 for steel other than SD40

ACI Design Provision

Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement
For structural slabs only; not intended for soil-supported slabs on grade
Ratio of reinforcement As to gross concrete area Ag : As/Ag
RB24 (fy = 2,400 ksc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0025
DB30 (fy = 3,000 ksc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0020
DB40 (fy = 4,000 ksc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0018
DB (fy > 4,000 ksc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0018 4,000 0.0014
fy
Spacing 5 t 45 cm

Main Steel (short direction):

As 6 mm
Max. Spacing 3 t 45 cm
Min. Spacing f main steel 4/3 max agg. 2.5 cm

Effect of column width

b
A

b
A

Moment at A:

wL2
12

wL
12

b/2
wL
2

b/2
wL
2

wL2 wL b w(b / 2 )
=
+

12
2 2
2
wL2 wLb wb 2

+
4
8
12

If A and B are fiexed against rotation,

2
wL2 wLb wb 2
w(L b )

M =
=

+
12
6
12
12

Typical reinforcement in a one-way slab

Top bars at
exterior beams
Bottom bars

Top bars at
exterior beams
Temperature bars

Exterior span

Interior span

(a) Straight top and bottom bars

Bent bar

Bottom bars

Bent bars

Temperature bars

Exterior span

(b) Alternate straight and bent bars

Interior span

Example: Design one-way slab as shown below to carry the live

G1
A

S1 S2 S3

3 @ 8 m = 24 m

load 500-kg/m2 fc = 210 kg/cm2, fy = 2,400 kg/cm2

0.4 + 2400/7000 = 0.74
min h = 400(0.74)/24 = 12.3 cm
USE h = 13 cm
DL = 0.132400 = 312kg/m2
4 @ 12 m = 48 m

wu = 1.4(312) + 1.7(500) = 1,286.8 kg/m2

clear span = 4 - 0.3 = 3.7 m
Mu = (1,286.8)(3.7)2/10 = 1,762 kg-m
max = 0.75b = 0.75(0.0454) = 0.0341

USE RB9 with 2 cm covering: d = 13-2-0.45 = 10.55 cm

Mu
1762 100
Rn =
=
= 17.6 ksc
2
2
0.9 100 10.55
bd

0.85 f c'
=
fy

2 Rn
1 1
'

0
.
85
f
c

= 0.0077 < max

OK

As = bd = 0.0077(100)(10.55) = 8.16 cm2/m

Select [email protected] (As = 9.28 cm2/m)
Temp. steel = 0.0025(100)(13) = 3.25 < 9.28 cm2/m
Select [email protected] (As = 3.53 cm2/m)

OK

L1
4

L1
3

Detailing of one-way slab

Temp. steel
L1
8

L1

[email protected]

[email protected]
.13 .

[email protected]
1.0 .

1.3 .
4.0 .
[email protected]

[email protected]


#$
.13 .

1.0 .

[email protected]
 


 1.3 .
4.0 .

Design of Two-way Slab (L < 2S)

Min. Thickness:
t 9 cm Perimeter/180 = 2(L+S)/180

Reinforcement Steel:
As 6 mm Temp. steel
Max. Spacing 3 t 45 cm
Min. Spacing main steel 4/3 max agg. 2.5 cm

Load transfer from two-way Slab

D

C
45o

45o

Short span (BC):

Floor load = w kg/sq.m

Tributary area = S2/4 sq.m

45o

45o

Load on beam = wS/4

wS/3 kg/m

Long span (AB): Span ratio m = S/L

2
S
Tributary area = SL/2 - S2/4 =
4
Load on beam

wS 3 m 2

3 2

2 m sq.m

kg/m

Moment Coefficient Method

%&'


%&'(

%&'


-Ms

%&'(

+Ms
+ML

-ML

%&'


%&'

S/4

-ML

S/4

-Ms
L/4

L/2

S/2

L/4

Middle strip moment: MM = CwS2

Column strip moment: MC = 2MM/3

 

  ( C )
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1.0

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5  6
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))*+  m
0.9 0.8 0.7

$%&
0.6

0.5

0.033 0.040 0.048 0.055 0.063 0.083 0.033

0.025 0.030 0.036 0.041 0.047 0.062 0.025
0.041 0.048 0.055 0.062 0.069 0.085 0.041
0.021 0.024 0.027 0.031 0.035 0.042 0.021
0.031 0.036 0.041 0.047 0.052 0.064 0.031
0.049 0.057 0.064 0.071 0.078 0.090 0.049
0.025 0.028 0.032 0.036 0.039 0.045 0.025
0.037 0.043 0.048 0.054 0.059 0.068 0.037

 

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1.0

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5 6
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0.9 0.8 0.7

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0.6

0.5

0.058 0.066 0.074 0.082 0.090 0.098 0.058

0.029 0.033 0.037 0.041 0.045 0.049 0.029
0.044 0.050 0.056 0.062 0.068 0.074 0.044
0.033 0.038 0.043 0.047 0.053 0.055 0.033
0.050 0.057 0.064 0.072 0.080 0.083 0.050

Bar detailing in slab

 

L1/7

L1/3

L1/4
L1

L2/3

L2/4
L2

Bar detailing in beam

L1/3

L1/8

L2/3

L1/8
L1

L2





   

 
L/5

L/5

L =   


 

Example: Design two-way slab as shown below to carry the live

load 300-kg/m2 fc = 240 kg/cm2, fy = 2,400 kg/cm2
4.00
0.10

3.80
0.50
0.20

0.20

Cross section
5.00

4.80

Min h = 2(400+500)/180 = 10 cm
DL = 0.10(2,400) = 240 kg/m2
wu = 1.4(240)+1.7(300) = 846 kg/m2
m = 4.00/5.00 = 0.8

Floor plan

As,min = 0.0018(100)(10) = 1.8 cm2/m

Short span

-M()

+M

-M()

Moment coeff. C

0.032

0.048

0.064

Max. M = C w S 2 = 0.064 846 4.02 = 866 kg-m/1 m width

d = 10 - 2(covering) - 0.5(half of DB10) = 7.5 cm
Rn =

Mu
86, 600
2
=
=
17.11
kg/cm
bd 2 0.9 100 7.52

0.85 f c
2 Rn
=
1 1
= 0.0045
fy
0.85 f c

As = 0.0045(100)(7.5) = 3.36 4.2 > As,min

( 63
(718 [email protected] (As=3.90 4.2)

Long span
Moment coeff. C

-M()

+M

-M()

0.025

0.037

0.049

Max. M = C w S 2 = 0.049 846 4.02 = 663 kg-m/1 m width

d = 10 - 2(covering) - 1.5(half of DB10) = 6.5 cm
Rn =

Mu
66,300
2
=
=
17.44
kg/cm
bd 2 0.9 100 7.52

0.85 f c
2 Rn
=
1 1
= 0.0046
fy
0.85 f c

As = 0.0046(100)(6.5) = 2.97 4.2 > As,min

( 63
(718 [email protected] (As=3.90 4.2)

 89"8:
;   7
%
9
9(2:

Vu

= wuS/4 = (846)(4.0)/4
= 846 ./.

<(88'%
9  2 Vc = 0.85(0.53) 240 (100)(7.5)
= 5234 ./.

OK

[email protected]


#$
[email protected]  



[email protected]


#$
0.10
0.50

0.95
1.30

0.55
0.95
3.80

0.20

 6 

0.20

[email protected]


#$
[email protected]  




[email protected]


#$
0.10

0.50

0.70
1.20
0.20

1.20
1.60
4.80

 6 &

0.20