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Requirements Engineering Processes - 2: Lecture # 7

The document discusses key aspects of the requirements engineering process. It describes the actors and stakeholders involved, including domain experts, end users, requirements engineers, software engineers, and project managers. It also discusses challenges in requirements engineering like lack of stakeholder involvement, unconsidered business needs, and poor communication. Additionally, the document notes that requirements engineering typically costs around 15% of total development costs but errors can substantially increase this cost.

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Soleh My
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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20 views

Requirements Engineering Processes - 2: Lecture # 7

The document discusses key aspects of the requirements engineering process. It describes the actors and stakeholders involved, including domain experts, end users, requirements engineers, software engineers, and project managers. It also discusses challenges in requirements engineering like lack of stakeholder involvement, unconsidered business needs, and poor communication. Additionally, the document notes that requirements engineering typically costs around 15% of total development costs but errors can substantially increase this cost.

Uploaded by

Soleh My
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Requirements Engineering Processes 2

Lecture # 7

Recap of Last Lecture - 1


We introduced the concept of requirements engineering process We discussed inputs and outputs of the requirements engineering process

Recap of Last Lecture - 2


We introduced high-level activities in the requirements engineering process
Requirements elicitation Requirements analysis and negotiation Requirements specification Requirements validation Requirements management
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Todays Topics
Actors and stakeholders in the requirements engineering process Process and process improvement for requirements engineering

Who are Actors?


Actors in a process are the people involved in the execution of that process Actors are normally identified by their roles rather than individually, e.g., project manager, purchasing director, and system engineer
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Actors in the RE Process - 1


Requirements engineering involves people who are primarily interested in the problem to be solved (end-users, etc) as well as people interested in the solution (system designers, etc.) Another group of people, such as health & safety regulators, and maintenance engineers may be effected by the existence of the system
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Actors in the RE Process - 2


Role-action diagrams are process models which show the actors associated with different process activities They document the information needs of different people involved in the process They use model of prototype software system as part of requirements elicitation process
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Role-Action Diagram for Software Prototyping


ACTIONS
Establish outline requirements Select prototyping system Understand problem Develop prototype Evaluate prototype

Req. Engineer Domain expert End-user

Req. Engineer End-user

SW Engineer Project Mgr

Req. Engineer SW Engineer

End-user Domain expert Req. Engineer SW Engineer

ROLES
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Role Descriptions - 1
Role
Domain Expert

Description
Responsible for proving information about the application domain and the specific problem in that domain, which is to be solved

Role Descriptions - 2
Role
System Enduser

Description
Responsible for using the system after delivery

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Role Descriptions - 3
Role Description
Requirements Responsible for eliciting and Engineer specifying the system requirements

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Role Descriptions - 4
Role
Software Engineer

Description
Responsible for developing the prototype software system

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Role Descriptions - 5
Role
Project Manager

Description
Responsible for planning and estimating the prototyping project

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Human and Social Factors


Requirements engineering processes are dominated by human, social and organizational factors because they always involve a range of stakeholders from different backgrounds and with different individual and organizational goals System stakeholders may come from a range of technical and non-technical background and from different disciplines
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Stakeholder Types
Software engineers System end-users Managers of system end-users External regulators Domain experts

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Factors Influencing Requirements


Personality and status of stakeholders The personal goals of individuals within an organization The degree of political influence of stakeholders within an organization

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Process Support
One way to minimize errors in the requirements engineering is to use process models and to use CASE tools The most mature CASE tools support wellunderstood activities such as programming and testing and the use of structured methods Support for requirements engineering is still limited because of the informality and the variability of the process
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CASE Tools for RE


Modeling and validation tools support the development of system models which can be used to specify the system and the checking of these models for completeness and consistency Management tools help manage a database of requirements and support the management of changes to these requirements
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RE Process Problems
Lack of stakeholder involvement Business needs not considered Lack of requirements management Lack of defined responsibilities Stakeholder communication problems Over-long schedules and poor quality requirements documents
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Requirements Engineering Costs


About fifteen percent (15%) of system development costs However, if the requirements engineering process is not executed properly, this cost can increase substantially

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Summary
Human, social and organizational factors are important influences on requirements engineering processes Requirements engineering process improvement is difficult and is best tackled in an incremental way Requirements engineering processes can be classified according to their degree of maturity
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References
Requirements Engineering: Processes and Techniques by G. Kotonya and I. Sommerville, John Wiley & Sons, 1998

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