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2.001 - Mechanics and Materials I Lecture #4 9/18/2006 Prof. Carol Livermore Topic: Friction EXAMPLE: Box On Oor

The document summarizes concepts related to friction including: 1) Static and kinetic coefficients of friction which describe the maximum frictional force when an object is at rest or in motion respectively. 2) Examples of friction forces acting on blocks on inclined planes and in equilibrium, describing the range of applied forces where the block will remain stable. 3) The "capstan effect" which describes how friction causes the tension in a rope wrapped around a pulley to decrease exponentially as it wraps more turns.

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18 views

2.001 - Mechanics and Materials I Lecture #4 9/18/2006 Prof. Carol Livermore Topic: Friction EXAMPLE: Box On Oor

The document summarizes concepts related to friction including: 1) Static and kinetic coefficients of friction which describe the maximum frictional force when an object is at rest or in motion respectively. 2) Examples of friction forces acting on blocks on inclined planes and in equilibrium, describing the range of applied forces where the block will remain stable. 3) The "capstan effect" which describes how friction causes the tension in a rope wrapped around a pulley to decrease exponentially as it wraps more turns.

Uploaded by

dearsaswat
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.001 - MECHANICS AND MATERIALS I Lecture #4 9/18/2006 Prof.

Carol Livermore TOPIC: FRICTION EXAMPLE: Box on oor

s =Coecient of Static Friction FBD

Equation of equilibrium

Fy = 0 N W =0 N =W Fx = 0

T F =0 T =F At impending motion only : F = s N For well lubricated, s 0.05. For very clean surfaces s 0.4 1. After it starts to move: F = k N k = Coecient of kinetic friction. k < s EXAMPLE: Block on an inclined plane

Q: At what angle () does the block slide down the plane? FBD:

Equilibrium

Fx = 0 F W sin = 0 F = W sin Fy = 0 N W cos = 0 N = W cos So: F = tan N When you have impending motion:

F = s N s = tan What about where these forces act?

M0 = 0 F L2 Na = 0 2 F L2 L2 a= = tan 2N 2 So:

So: L2 tan 2 The resultant of the normal force and frictional force act directly below the center of mass. a= EXAMPLE

Q: For what range of W0 is the block in equilibrium? FBD Case 1: Impending motion is down the plane.

Fx = 0 T1 + F1 W sin = 0 Fy = 0 N1 W cos = 0

Case 2: Impending motion is up the plane.

Fx = 0 T2 + F2 W sin = 0 Fy = 0 N2 cos = 0 What about T ? FBD of Cable

Look at dierential element

Fx = 0 T () cos d d T ( + d ) cos =0 2 2 T () = T ( + d) = T Fy = 0 dN T () sin d d T ( + d ) sin =0 2 2 d d T ( + d) =0 2 2 T d = dN

dN T ()

So:

T = W0 Back to block:

T1 = T2 = W0 N1 = N2 = N = W cos For case 1:

F1 = s N = s W cos s W cos + W0 + W sin = 0 W0 = W sin s W cos The block will be stable against downward motion when: W0 = W sin s W cos For case 2:

F2 = s N = s W cos s W cos + W0 + W sin = 0 W0 = W sin s W cos 6

The block will be stable against downward motion when: W0 W sin + s W cos So it is stable when: W (sin s cos ) W0 W (sin + s cos ) What about pulley with friction? Recall a rope around a rod.

Look at a dierential element.

Fx = 0 T () cos d d T ( + d ) cos dF = 0 2 2 Fy = 0 dN T () sin d T ( + d ) sin 2 sin cos d d 2 2 d 1 2 d dF = 0 2

dT = T ( + d ) T () T ( + d) = T () + dT = T + dT So: T () T ( + d ) dF = 0 dT = dF dN T d d + (T + dT ) =0 2 2 T + dT 0 dN T d = 0 With impending motion: dF = s dN dT = s dN

dN = Substitute: Thus:

dT s

dT T d = 0 s dT = s d T

Integrate:
T2 T1

dT = T
T2 T1

s d

ln T ln

= s

T2 = s T1

T2 = exp(s ) T1 T2 = T1 exp(s ) This is known as the capstan eect. EXAMPLE: Boat on a dock

= 3(2 ) 20 s = 0.4 T2 = T1 exp(8) 1 T1 T2 3000

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