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Adipose Tissue: - Cells (Fat Cells) of The Adipose Tissue - Very Wide Distribution

This document summarizes a lecture on adipose tissue. It describes the two main types of adipose tissue - white and brown adipose tissue. White adipose tissue stores energy long-term as triglycerides in a single lipid droplet within each adipocyte. It is the main site of energy storage and also functions in endocrine signaling through hormone secretion. Brown adipose tissue contains many small lipid droplets and numerous mitochondria, allowing it to burn fat rapidly to generate heat through non-shivering thermogenesis. The document provides details on the histology, function, and characteristics of both white and brown adipose tissues.

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43 views

Adipose Tissue: - Cells (Fat Cells) of The Adipose Tissue - Very Wide Distribution

This document summarizes a lecture on adipose tissue. It describes the two main types of adipose tissue - white and brown adipose tissue. White adipose tissue stores energy long-term as triglycerides in a single lipid droplet within each adipocyte. It is the main site of energy storage and also functions in endocrine signaling through hormone secretion. Brown adipose tissue contains many small lipid droplets and numerous mitochondria, allowing it to burn fat rapidly to generate heat through non-shivering thermogenesis. The document provides details on the histology, function, and characteristics of both white and brown adipose tissues.

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7/30/2012

Lecture V

Adipose Tissue

Bismark Oliver C. Lemana, M.Sc.


Biological Sciences Department, College of Science University of Santo Tomas, Manila

Adipocytes
Cells (fat cells) of the adipose tissue Very wide distribution
15-20% in males (from total body weight) 20-25% in females (from total body weight)

Main functions:
Energy deposits Metabolism For organ stability Shock absorbers (palms and soles of foot)

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Adipose Tissue
Largest energy storage
Triglycerides Other storage organs:
Liver and skeletal muscles (glycogen)

Endocrine and signaling organ


Hormone secretion

Thermal insulator

Adipose Tissue
Two main types:
White adipose tissue
More common Large, single, yellow-whitish fat droplets

Brown adipose tissue


Multiple droplets Abundant mitochondria (brown appearance)

highly vascularized

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Histogenesis of Adipose Tissue

White Adipose Tissue


Long-term energy storage Single lipid droplet (85% of cell weight)
Unilocular (triglycerides)

Signet Ring Cell


Under normal histological preparations Flattened nucleus at one end of the cell

TEM
Multiple droplets
Vimentin intermediate filaments instead of membrane

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White Adipose Tissue


Components:
Adipocytes Fibroblasts Macrophages Reticular fibers (supporting mechanism)

Appearance:
Fresh specimens: depending on the diet Newborns: uniform in shape

White Adipose Tissue

[A] adipocytes [V] vein [S] striated muscle (H&E, x100)

[arrows] nucleus [*] multilocular WAT (PT, x200)

[A] adipocytes [arrows] nuclei (Azure, x200)

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White Adipose Tissue

[A] Adipocytes [L] Lipids (Osmium Tetroxide, x440)

[L] Lipids (Cryostat, Oil Red O, x450)

Lipid storage and mobilization

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White Adipose Tissue


Secretion of Leptins
Satiety factor Regulation of appetite

Deposition is uniform Visceral and subcutaneous adipose differ in gene expression Obesity: increase in adipocytes
Hypertrophic obesity
Increase in size of adipocytes

Brown Adipose Tissue


Multilocular adipocytes Numerous mitochondria
Faster metabolism of lipid droplets Non-shivering heat production (Thermogenesis)

Very limited in distribution


Infants Hibernating animals (hibernating gland)

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Brown Adipose Tissue

Mechanism of BAT

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