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Lesson 3 - Inertia: The Meaning of Inertia

Inertia is the property of an object that resists changes to its motion. An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and direction unless acted on by an unbalanced force. Newton's first law of motion describes inertia. Examples show how inertia causes objects and passengers in moving vehicles to continue their original motion when movement stops suddenly. Inertia increases with mass, so heavier objects are harder to stop or set in motion. Head restraints and seat belts help reduce injuries from sudden stops by limiting how far passengers move due to inertia.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
2K views7 pages

Lesson 3 - Inertia: The Meaning of Inertia

Inertia is the property of an object that resists changes to its motion. An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and direction unless acted on by an unbalanced force. Newton's first law of motion describes inertia. Examples show how inertia causes objects and passengers in moving vehicles to continue their original motion when movement stops suddenly. Inertia increases with mass, so heavier objects are harder to stop or set in motion. Head restraints and seat belts help reduce injuries from sudden stops by limiting how far passengers move due to inertia.

Uploaded by

chekgu_2007
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 3 -

INERTIA
The meaning of inertia

Inertia is the property of an object which


Obesrvation : The other blocks fall vertically
resists a change in its motion.
onto the table.
If it is at rest it tends to remain at rest , if it is
Explaination : The inertia of the wooden
moving it tends to continue moving.
blocks causes its
Or
remain at rest.
Inertia is the reluctance of an object to move
The weight of other blocks makes
once it is at rest or the reluctance of an
them fall
object to stop once it is in uniform velocity.
Vertically onto the table.
Explanation of inertia by Newton’s First
Example 3
Law of Motion
Observation : If some ketchup is stuck in a
Newton’s First Law of Motion states that “an
bottle, it can be dislodged by
object will remain at rest or continue with a
turning the bottle upside down ,
constant speed in a straight line unless acted
thrusting it downwards and
on by an unbalanced force or if the external
stopping suddenly.
force acting on the object is zero”
Explaination : The inertia of the ketchup
causes it maintain its velocity
Relationship between mass and inertia
while the bottle is stopped.
The mass of a body is a measure of its inertia.
Example 4
If a body has a small mass, it will have a small
inertia; if its mass is large, then so is its
Observation: When a driver inside a car
inersia.
applies brake
Suddenly , the driver and the
Some examples of situations involving
passengers are
inertia
surged forwards.
Similarly ,when the car
Example 1
accelerates , the
occupants will move backwards.

Explaination: The inertia of the driver and


passengers cause they maintain
their original motion (original
Observation: The coin drops vertically into the velocity) or maintain at rest.
glass . .
Explaination : The inertia of the coin causes it
remain at rest . Example 5
The coin drops vertically into the
glass due its weight.

Example 2

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without hitting the windscreen or the
steering wheel.
(ii) Head restraints are designed to reduce
neck injury. There are partuculary
effective in rear-impact acciedents. As the
car is shunted forwards , the back of your
seat pushes your body towards. If you do
not have a head restraint, the inertia of
your head means that it stays behind ,
Observation : The pail filled with sand feels while your body moves forward. This can
more reluctant to cause ‘whiplash’ injuries.
move and more difficult to stop (iii) Timbers carried by a lorry normally are
moving than the tied up together by a strong iron chain.
empty one. When the lorry starts to move suddenly ,
Explaination: The pail filled sand has a the timbers are more difficult to fall off
greater inertia or mass due to their inertia because their
than the empty one. combined mass has increased.
Example 6 The positive effects of inertia
(i) The motion of a spacecraft in deep space
Observation : A tanker has to stop its engine is in a straight line with a constant speed
5 km from port. ; since there is no air in space
Explaination : The tanker has so much inertia (the external force acting on the object is
, so that it can zero”) to slow its motion. For this reason,
slow down in time to avoid any there is no need to make a space probe
acciedent. aerodynamic in shape .
(ii) A sumo wrestler who has a greater mass
Example 7 also has a greater inertia. He is harder to
toppled and normally he is likely to win a
Observation : An aeroplane need a long championship tournament.
runway for landing and take-off
Explaination : The aeroplane has a greater Inertial balance
mass and also has so much
inertia.

Reducing the negative side effects of


inertia.

(i) The seat belts are designed to protect the


passengers .
If the car is involved in a collision , it will
suddenly be brought to a stop. But An inertial balance is used to compare
because of its inertia, their body will masses or to measure the mass of an object.
continue traveling at a certain velocity When the mass of the metal cyclinder is
until it hits an obstruction , usually the increased by adding a second metal cyclinder
car’s windscreen.Without a seat-belt , the , the period of vibration become longer.
passengers can be seriously injury. The square of the period of vibration ,T2 of a
The belts exerts a force on the inertial balance is directly proportional to the
passenger’s bodies bringing it to stop mass,m of the metal cyclinder.
T2 α m

19
Example 1

In an inertial balance experiment , the


period of oscillations for loads 0.5 kg is TUTORIA
4.0 s. What is the mass of the load if the L2
period of the oscillations is 9.0 s
1 Inertia of an object is
Solution
A the friction force exerts to the object
B the friction force exerts to the object
C the force against the motion of the
object
D the property of the object which
resists a change in
its motion.

2 What is the name of the property of a


body which resists a change in its state
of rest or of uniform motion?

A Acceleration B Density
C Inertia D Velocity

3 The factor that affect the inertia of an


object is

A the acceleration of the object


B the temperature of the object
C the weight of the object
D the mass of the object

4 Which object has the greatest inertia?

5 Figure shows a hammer.

20
The head of the hammer can be tightened
onto the handle by

A pushing the head of the hammer


B rotating the handle of the hammer
C applying a knock on the handle of the
hammer

6 How difficult is it to start a heavy lorry


moving and to stopit moving ?
If the string is suddenly released , which
to start to stop path in figure above will the stone follow.
A difficult difficult
B difficult easy
C easy difficult
D easy easy

7 When a boy is chased by a cow, which of


the following is the best path to run.
10 Which phenomenon cannot be explained
by the principle of inertia?

A In a game of carrom , the striker can


strike a stake of carrom pieces but
only dislodge the bottom piece
B When the lowest coin is struck with a
steel ruler, the rest of the stack of
coins do not collapse
C A boy on a bicycle does not
immediately come to stop although
he stops pedalling
D The bubbles formed by a fish expand
as they float towards the surface

11 When a bus moves left then the


passengers appear to move right, and
vice versa. This phenomenom is caused
by

A the inertia of the bus


9 The following figure shows a small stone B the reaction of the bus
is tied to a piece of string and then swung C the inertia of the passengers
round and round above the head. D the reaction of the passangers

12 An inertial balance can be used to


compare

A the acceleration of an object


B the momemtum of an object
C the weight of an object
D inertia of an object

21
13 The period of oscillations of an inertial
balance depends on ............................................................
.........................
A The acceleration due to gravity (c) What happen to the period of the
B The amplitude of the oscillations oscillations of the springs if the
C The mass of the metal cyclider experiment is carried out on the
D The force to push the balance surface of the moon.

14 In an inertial balance experiment , the ............................................................


period of oscillations for loads 100 g is .........................
4.8 s. What is the mass of the load if the
period of the oscillations is 6.8 s.

A 100 g B 150 g
C 200 g D 250 g
E 300 g

16
A metal block is hung from a ceiling. The
metal block
is connected using two threads P and Q

(a) (i) What happen to the threads if the


thread Q is
pulled slowly

……………………………………………
……..
(ii) Give one reason for your answer
in (a)(i)

……………………………………………
………

……………………………………………
……..

……………………………………………
15 Two identical springs hung with two loads ……..
2 kg and 5 kg respectively. The loads is
pulled down at the same time and (b) (i) What happen to the threads if
caused the loads bounche up and down. the thread
Q is pulled fastly.
(a) Compare the period of the ……………………………………………
oscillations of the springs. ……..
............................................................ (ii) Give one reason for your
......................... answer in (a)(i)
(b) Give one reason for your answer in
(a). ……………………………………………
……..
............................................................
.........................
22
…………………………………………… In Figure 2, shows the driver and the
…….. decorations when the car stops suddenly.

……………………………………………
……
17 The following figure shows an inertial
balance.

The car accelerates The car


stops suddenly
from rest

FIGURE
2
By using the inertial balance ,the mass ,m The
of the metal cyclinder and the period of car stops suddenly
oscillations,T is taken and the readings FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2
are recorded as shown in the table below.
Mass Period T/ T2 / S2 m
FIGURE 2
m/kg s T2
1.0 0.82 (a ) (i) Define acceleration.
1.5 1.00 [1 mark ]
2.0 1.15 (ii) What do you observe about the
2.5 1.29 driver and the
3.0 1.41 decoration in Figure 1 and Figure 2?
Use these observations to explain a
(a) Complete the table above. physical concept.

(b) What the unit s of m [4 marks]


T2 (iii) Name the concept.
[1 mark ]
............................................................
......................

(c) State the relationship between m and [1


T mark]

................................................................... (b) Explain why


.......................... (i) a wide safety belt is used rather
than a narrow safety
................................................................... belt.
..........................
[2 mark
(d) When an apple is placed on the rack (ii) the belt is designed to extend
, the period of the oscillations is 2.8 slightly when the car
s. What is the mass of the apple. stops suddenly.
[5 marks]

18 In Figure 1, shows the driver and the car


decorations when the car is accelerating
from rests.
23
(c) The diagram below shows a typical plasticine ,clamp and other apparatus
saloon car. , describe an experimental framework
to test your hypothesis.
In your description , state clearly the
following:
(i) Aim of the experiment
(ii) Variables in the experiment
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
Ahmad wants to modify the car so (v) The procedure of the experiment
that it can be used safely as a which
racing car. State one modification include the method of controlling
that Ahmad could make and give a the manipulated variable and the
suitable concept in physics in each method of measuring the
of the following aspect: responding variable.
(i) safety (vi) Way you wouldtabulate the
(ii) shape data
(iii) power (vii) Way you would analysis the
(iv) stability data
(v) mass
[ 10 marks ]

19 The figure shows a man pushes a


shopping trolley in two situations. The
man experience the empty trolley is easy
to to start and stop but the fully trolley is
hard to start and to stop.

Observe the positions of each of the park


chute and the
appearance of the student when he
slides.
Based on the observations:

(a) State one suitable inference that


can be made.
(b) State one apporopriate hypothesis
for an investigation.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as ,
jigsaw blade ,

24

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